gene

ACE

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about ACE: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

335Connections

30Hypotheses

2Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

0Experiments

2Debates

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	ACE
Full Name	Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Aliases	ACE1, CD143, DCP1
Chromosome	17q23.3
Protein Type	Protease
Function	Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Molecular Weight	149.7 kDa
Amino Acids	1306
Pathways	Renin-angiotensin system, Bradykinin metabolism
UniProt ID	P12821
NCBI Gene ID	1636
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000159640
OMIM	106180
GeneCards	ACE
Human Protein Atlas	ACE
Associated Diseases	Als, Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, Cardiac
Interactions	Actin, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER DISEASE, AMYLOID, AND, APOPTOSIS
SciDEX Hypotheses	Microglial ACE Enhancement for Amyloid Clearance
KG Connections	335 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🧬 3D Structure Comparison — ACE Experimental (PDB) vs Predicted (AlphaFold) — click to expand

📄 Experimental Structure

1O86 — X-ray / Cryo-EM

🔮 AI Predicted Structure

P12821 — AlphaFold

Left: Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Right: AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (12)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    ACE["ACE"] -->|"associated"| Als["Als"]
    style Als fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ef5350,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -.->|"inhibits"| Hypertension["Hypertension"]
    style Hypertension fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ef5350,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -.->|"inhibits"| Oxidative_Stress["Oxidative Stress"]
    style Oxidative_Stress fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#81c784,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -->|"associated"| GENES["GENES"]
    style GENES fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -->|"associated"| APOE["APOE"]
    style APOE fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -->|"associated"| Ms["Ms"]
    style Ms fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ef5350,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    ACE["ACE"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    style Alzheimer fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ef5350,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    OXIDATIVE_STRESS["OXIDATIVE STRESS"] -.->|"inhibits"| ACE["ACE"]
    style OXIDATIVE_STRESS fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    GENES_1["GENES"] -->|"associated"| ACE["ACE"]
    style GENES_1 fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    APOPTOSIS["APOPTOSIS"] -.->|"inhibits"| ACE["ACE"]
    style APOPTOSIS fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    TAU["TAU"] -->|"associated"| ACE["ACE"]
    style TAU fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    CLU["CLU"] -->|"associated"| ACE["ACE"]
    style CLU fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style ACE fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:2px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold

Outgoing (242)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
benchmark_ot_ad_answer_key:ACE	data_in	dataset_row	0.00
ds-83b31ef18d49	provides_data_for	dataset	1.00
Interleukin-18	interacts_with	protein	0.80
Hypertension	inhibits	disease	0.75
Als	associated_with	disease	0.75
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.70
GENES	associated_with	gene	0.70
Oxidative Stress	inhibits	pathway	0.70
Sepsis	activates	disease	0.65
Als	inhibits	disease	0.65
Cardiac	implicated_in	disease	0.65
Aging	biomarker_for	disease	0.65
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Dementia	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Schizophrenia	associated_with	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	biomarker_for	disease	0.65
ALS	associated_with	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	0.65
Vascular Dementia	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Cancer	activates	disease	0.65
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	0.65
Frontotemporal Dementia	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Neurodegeneration	degrades	disease	0.65
Cancer	degrades	disease	0.65
Stroke	associated_with	disease	0.65
Depression	associated_with	disease	0.65
Ms	associated_with	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Ms	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	activates	disease	0.65
Vascular Dementia	transports	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	transports	disease	0.65
Dementia	transports	disease	0.65
ALS	transports	disease	0.65
Frontotemporal Dementia	transports	disease	0.65
Als	activates	disease	0.65
Ms	activates	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Aging	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Heart Failure	inhibits	disease	0.65
Cardiovascular	inhibits	disease	0.65
Cardiac	inhibits	disease	0.65
Diabetes	inhibits	disease	0.65
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	0.65
Type 2 Diabetes	inhibits	disease	0.65
IL10	interacts_with	gene	0.60
IL6	interacts_with	gene	0.60
MAPT	interacts_with	gene	0.60
PLAU	interacts_with	gene	0.60
PSEN1	interacts_with	gene	0.60

Incoming (93)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
benchmark_ot_ad_answer_key:ACE	data_in	dataset_row	0.00
ds-83b31ef18d49	data_in	dataset	1.00
genes-ace	describes	wiki_page	0.95
h-1e28311b	targets	hypothesis	0.90
ALZHEIMER DISEASE	associated_with	gene	0.80
OXIDATIVE STRESS	inhibits	gene	0.70
PPAR	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
BACE1	associated_with	gene	0.60
APOPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	degrades	gene	0.60
CTSH	associated_with	gene	0.60
PTK2B	associated_with	gene	0.60
CD2AP	associated_with	gene	0.60
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.60
BIN1	associated_with	gene	0.60
LILRB2	associated_with	gene	0.60
GENES	causes	gene	0.60
ALZHEIMER	expressed_in	gene	0.60
DNA	expressed_in	gene	0.60
NUP98	activates	gene	0.60
SPI1	associated_with	gene	0.60
APP	associated_with	gene	0.60
GENES	associated_with	gene	0.60
AND	inhibits	gene	0.60
AND	associated_with	gene	0.60
COMPLEMENT	activates	gene	0.60
PHAGOCYTOSIS	associated_with	gene	0.60
CANCER	degrades	gene	0.60
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	expressed_in	gene	0.60
AND	expressed_in	gene	0.60
ABCA1	associated_with	gene	0.60
ABI3	associated_with	gene	0.60
TRIM21	activates	gene	0.60
SORL1	associated_with	gene	0.60
IL1A	associated_with	gene	0.60
IL10	associated_with	gene	0.60
PLAU	associated_with	gene	0.60
BDNF	associated_with	gene	0.60
PSEN1	associated_with	gene	0.60
MAPT	associated_with	gene	0.60
IL6	associated_with	gene	0.60
CHAT	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
CYP3A4	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
APOE	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
CYP2D6	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
ABCB1	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
TGFB1	associated_with	gene	0.60
PRNP	associated_with	gene	0.60
IDE	associated_with	gene	0.60
HSPG2	associated_with	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
CSF1R Inhibition-Mediated Microglial Replacement as a State	0.898	neurodegeneration	How do different microglial subtypes (DA
Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis Modulation	0.814	neurodegeneration	Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeut
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition	0.806	-	Blood-brain barrier tight junction disru
IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microgl	0.806	neuroinflammation	How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroin
Vicious Cycle Hypothesis: Cholinergic Dysfunction Exacerbate	0.785	-	Do β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary

Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST in	0.784	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Sleep-Dependent Glymphatic Clearance Expands the Therapeutic	0.780	neurodegeneration	What is the therapeutic window between t
Hypothesis 3: HepaCAM-Containing Extracellular Vesicles	0.762	neurodegeneration	View
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) / System Xc⁻ - Mediated GSH Support f	0.760	neurodegeneration	Can ferroptosis inhibitors prevent BBB d
APOE4 astrocytes exhibit impaired cholesterol efflux via ABC	0.760	neuroscience	APOE4-driven lipid metabolism dysregulat
Enhancing Microglial Phagocytosis of Extracellular Tau via T	0.750	neuroscience	Trans-synaptic tau spreading and propaga
BACE1/NRG1 Axis Dysfunction Drives Excitatory/Inhibitory Imb	0.743	neurodegeneration	What are the physiological functions of
SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK	0.738	Alzheimer's Disease	Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
SGMS1-Driven Sphingomyelin Accumulation Impairs BACE1 Lysoso	0.734	neurodegeneration	What molecular mechanisms link elevated
SMPD1 (Acid Sphingomyelinase) Inhibition for Ceramide Reduct	0.732	neurodegeneration	How do sphingomyelin/ceramide ratios spe
Palmitoylation-Targeted BACE1 Trafficking Disruptors	0.693	neurodegeneration	Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Modulation	0.691	neurodegeneration	Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplificat
Differential Ubiquitin Chain Topology Creates 'Invisible' Su	0.682	neurodegeneration	How do pathological stress granules in n
AQP4 Dysregulation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Impair	0.680	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular mechanis
RAB27A-dependent extracellular vesicle engineering for mitoc	0.674	neurodegeneration	Mitochondrial transfer between astrocyte
AQP4-Dependent Astrocyte Swelling Exacerbates Excitotoxic Ne	0.670	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular mechanis
TREM2 R47H variant synergizes with APOE4 to collapse microgl	0.670	neuroscience	APOE4-driven lipid metabolism dysregulat
Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio Dynamics in CSF as a Neuroinflammatio	0.665	translational neuroscience	Which metabolic biomarkers can distingui
Cyclophilin D (CypD) Displacement by Mitochondrial TDP-43	0.656	neurodegeneration	What upstream mechanisms cause TDP-43 to
mTORC1 displacement from lysosomal surface enables calcineur	0.650	neurodegeneration	What determines the specificity of calci
PGE2–EP2–cAMP–PKA Axis Displaces Pathological Microglial Mem	0.649	neuroinflammation	What specific astrocyte-derived factors
HDAC6 Selective Inhibition to Restore Acetylation Balance an	0.643	structural biology	What is the atomic-resolution structure
Parthenolide reduces tonic ADORA2A signaling by lowering inf	0.640	neuropharmacology	How does parthenolide specifically modul
Vascular mural cell degeneration precedes and exacerbates pa	0.637	Alzheimer's disease	SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type V
CX3CR1 Agonism Enhances Microglial Phagocytosis of Extracell	0.630	neurodegeneration	Investigate prion-like spreading of tau

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What are the physiological functions of BACE1 beyond APP processing that could c

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-15 | 1 hypotheses Top: 0.743

Gene expression changes in aging mouse brain predicting neurodegenerative vulner

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 42 hypotheses Top: 0.910

Experiments (0)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
No experiments found

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Oligodendrocytes drive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's di [PMID:39913287]	Ma Q, Tian JL, Lou Y, Guo R, Ma XR, Wu J	Cell Rep	2025	1
Dynamics and Impact of Repopulating Microglia Following Oligodendroglial Damage. [PMID:41645884]	Di Pietro AA, Thomas L, Pasquini LA	J Neurochem	2026	0
Temporal modulation of microglial repopulation attenuates retinal degeneration i [PMID:41690604]	Zhang W, Bian B, Ren C	Neurobiol Dis	2026	0
The impact of CSF1R inhibitor-mediated microglial depletion in rodent models of [PMID:41822299]	Ferreira AFF, Santos-Silva AC, Muratori	Front Aging Neurosci	2026	0
Autophagy-exosome crosstalk in neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic opp [PMID:41833626]	Sedighi S, Guan T, Michetti F	Pharmacol Ther	2026	0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Axonal injury is a targetable driver of glioblastoma progression. [PMID:40836081]	Clements M, Tang W, Florjanic Baronik Z,	Nature	2025	0
Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system disorders: mechanisms, [PMID:40469282]	Qiao S, Yuan J, Zhang SC	Front Immunol	2025	0
NETosis in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Role of Neutrophil Extracellul [PMID:41460435]	Rao R, Verma H, Gangwar P	Mol Neurobiol	2025	0
Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomic omics reveals that akebia sa [PMID:38149910]	Gu L, Ye L, Chen Y	FASEB J	2024	0
Blood-brain crosstalk: the roles of neutrophils, platelets, and neutrophil extra [PMID:37500363]	Chou ML, Babamale AO, Walker TL	Trends Neurosci	2023	0
Brain alarm by self-extracellular nucleic acids: from neuroinflammation to neuro [PMID:37550658]	Kunze R, Fischer S, Marti HH	J Biomed Sci	2023	0
CSF1R inhibition rescues tau pathology and neurodegeneration in an A/T/N model w [PMID:34103079]	["Lodder Chritica", "Scheyltjens Isabell	Acta neuropathologica communic	2021	0
Don't know what you got till it's gone: microglial depletion and neurodegenerati [PMID:33642360]	["Graykowski David", "Cudaback Eiron"]	Neural regeneration research	2021	0
CD38 in Neurodegeneration and Neuroinflammation. [PMID:32085567]	Guerreiro S, Privat AL, Bressac L, Toulo	Cells	2020	0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554]	Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E,	International journal of molec	2020	0
MAPT/Tau accumulation represses autophagy flux by disrupting IST1-regulated ESCR [PMID:31223056]	Feng Q, Luo Y, Zhang XN, Yang XF, Hong X	Autophagy	2020	0
Microglial Depletion with CSF1R Inhibitor During Chronic Phase of Experimental T [PMID:32094203]	["Henry Rebecca J", "Ritzel Rodney M", "	The Journal of neuroscience :	2020	0
The interplay between aging-associated loss of protein homeostasis and extracell [PMID:31549445]	Guix FX	J Neurosci Res	2020	0
Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. [PMID:29358320]	Lassmann H	Cold Spring Harbor perspective	2018	0

Debates (2)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

The abstract identifies BACE1 as an attractive drug target but doesn't address i

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-16

What gene expression changes in the aging mouse brain predict neurodegenerative

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-03

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning ACE in their description or question text

Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST interneurons to activa

Score: 0.784 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST interneurons to activate AMPK-autophag

Sleep-Dependent Glymphatic Clearance Expands the Therapeutic Window by Reducing

Score: 0.780 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview Sleep-Dependent Glymphatic Clearance Expands the Therapeutic Window by Reducing Extracellular Ta

Hypothesis 3: HepaCAM-Containing Extracellular Vesicles

Score: 0.762 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-17

## Mechanistic Overview Hypothesis 3: HepaCAM-Containing Extracellular Vesicles starts from the claim that modulating HE

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) / System Xc⁻ - Mediated GSH Support for Neurovascular Uni

Score: 0.760 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

NAC serves as a GSH precursor and direct antioxidant to inhibit ferroptosis in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells

APOE4 astrocytes exhibit impaired cholesterol efflux via ABCA1/ABCG1 transporter

Score: 0.760 · neuroscience · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview APOE4 astrocytes exhibit impaired cholesterol efflux via ABCA1/ABCG1 transporters, driving intra

Enhancing Microglial Phagocytosis of Extracellular Tau via TREM2 Activation

Score: 0.750 · neuroscience · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) represents a critica

BACE1/NRG1 Axis Dysfunction Drives Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance via PV Intern

Score: 0.743 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-15

## Mechanistic Overview BACE1/NRG1 Axis Dysfunction Drives Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance via PV Interneuron Hypofuncti

SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy D

Score: 0.738 · Alzheimer's Disease · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK1/Parkin Mitophagy Dysfunction start

SGMS1-Driven Sphingomyelin Accumulation Impairs BACE1 Lysosomal Degradation via

Score: 0.734 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-15

## Mechanistic Overview SGMS1-Driven Sphingomyelin Accumulation Impairs BACE1 Lysosomal Degradation via Autophagosome-Ly

SMPD1 (Acid Sphingomyelinase) Inhibition for Ceramide Reduction and BACE1 Regula

Score: 0.732 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The molecular foundation for SMPD1 inhibition in Alzheimer's disease centers on t

Palmitoylation-Targeted BACE1 Trafficking Disruptors

Score: 0.693 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Palmitoylation-Targeted BACE1 Trafficking Disruptors starts from the claim that modulating BACE1

Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Modulation

Score: 0.691 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Extracellular Matrix Stiffness Modulation starts from the claim that modulating PIEZO1 within th

Differential Ubiquitin Chain Topology Creates 'Invisible' Surface on Pathologica

Score: 0.682 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The pathological accumulation of stress granules in neurodegenerative diseases re

AQP4 Dysregulation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Impaired CNS-Peripheral Im

Score: 0.680 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The molecular mechanism underlying AQP4-mediated neuroinflammation centers on the

RAB27A-dependent extracellular vesicle engineering for mitochondrial cargo deliv

Score: 0.674 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview RAB27A-dependent extracellular vesicle engineering for mitochondrial cargo delivery starts from

ACE