gene

TH

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about TH: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

741Connections

30Hypotheses

2Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

3Experiments

2Debates

Summary

TH is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: co discussed, associated with, regulates. Associated with CANCER, PARKINSON, TUMOR. Connected to 76 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	TH
Full Name	Tyrosine Hydroxylase
Chromosome	11p15.5
Protein Type	Enzyme
Target Class	Enzyme
Function	is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases.
Mechanism of Action	Enzyme replacement therapy via L-DOPA supplementation to bypass reduced TH activity
Druggability	Medium (0.54)
Clinical Stage	Approved
Pathways	MAPK
UniProt ID	E7EQI0
NCBI Gene ID	7067
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000180176
OMIM	191290
GeneCards	TH
Human Protein Atlas	TH
Associated Diseases	AUTOPHAGY, DOPAMINE, ER STRESS, FIBROSIS, FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA, INFLAMMATION
Known Drugs/Compounds	curcumin, dimethyl fumarate, L-DOPA, levodopa, LEVODOPA, rapamycin
Interactions	AADC, ACHE, AD, AIF, AKT, AMPK
SciDEX Target	View Target Profile (8 clinical trials)
KG Connections	741 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🧬 3D Structure Comparison — TH Experimental (PDB) vs Predicted (AlphaFold) — click to expand

📄 Experimental Structure

1TOH — X-ray / Cryo-EM

🔮 AI Predicted Structure

P07101 — AlphaFold

Left: Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Right: AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (17)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    TH["TH"]
    ULK1["ULK1"]
    TH -->|"associated with"| ULK1
    TNF["TNF"]
    TH -->|"co discussed"| TNF
    VEGFA["VEGFA"]
    TH -->|"associated with"| VEGFA
    TREM2["TREM2"]
    TH -->|"co discussed"| TREM2
    neurodegeneration{"neurodegeneration"}
    TH -->|"implicated in"| neurodegeneration
    TH -->|"associated with"| neurodegeneration
    AADC["AADC"]
    TH -->|"interacts with"| AADC
    h_7bb47d7a["h-7bb47d7a"]
    h_7bb47d7a -->|"therapeutic target"| TH
    h_7bb47d7a -->|"targets"| TH
    AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"]
    AUTOPHAGY -->|"associated with"| TH
    SNCA["SNCA"]
    SNCA -->|"associated with"| TH
    AIF1["AIF1"]
    AIF1 -->|"co discussed"| TH
    ATG5["ATG5"]
    ATG5 -->|"co discussed"| TH
    ATG7["ATG7"]
    ATG7 -->|"co discussed"| TH
    AUTOPHAGY -->|"co discussed"| TH
    BECN1["BECN1"]
    BECN1 -->|"co discussed"| TH
    CASP1["CASP1"]
    CASP1 -->|"co discussed"| TH
    GFAP["GFAP"]
    GFAP -->|"co discussed"| TH
    IL1B["IL1B"]
    IL1B -->|"co discussed"| TH
    style TH fill:#1a3a4a,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (239)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
ventral tegmental area	expressed_in	brain_region	0.95
neurons	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
dopamine_synthesis	regulates	pathway	0.90
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.90
Midbrain	expressed_in	brain_region	0.85
Substantia Nigra	expressed_in	cell_type	0.80
Parkinson's Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.80
Dopaminergic Neurons	expressed_in	cell_type	0.75
neurons	activates	cell_type	0.70
BDNF	regulates	gene	0.70
MITOPHAGY	causes	phenotype	0.70
TLR4	regulates	gene	0.70
NEUROINFLAMMATION	destabilizes	phenotype	0.70
PROTEOSTASIS	activates	phenotype	0.70
VEGF	inhibits	gene	0.70
MITOPHAGY	treats	phenotype	0.70
MYD88	inhibits	gene	0.70
DOPAMINE	activates	phenotype	0.70
AUTOPHAGY	produces	phenotype	0.70
DOPAMINE	regulates	phenotype	0.70
ULK1	phosphorylates	gene	0.70
neurodegeneration	associated_with	disease	0.70
VEGF	regulates	gene	0.70
ULK1	treats	gene	0.70
LIPID PEROXIDATION	activates	phenotype	0.70
NEURODEGENERATION	interacts_with	phenotype	0.70
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	protects_against	disease	0.70
DDC	interacts_with	gene	0.70
autophagy pathway	participates_in	pathway	0.70
L-DOPA	regulates	drug	0.70
NEUROINFLAMMATION	exacerbates	phenotype	0.70
L-DOPA	causes	drug	0.70
MTOR	inhibits	gene	0.70
L-DOPA	activates	drug	0.70
STEM CELLS	activates	cell_type	0.70
MYD88	interacts_with	gene	0.70
BACE1	regulates	gene	0.70
BDNF	protects_against	gene	0.70
OXIDATIVE STRESS	causes	phenotype	0.70
BDNF	activates	gene	0.70
TAU	modifies	protein	0.70
NEURON	protects_against	cell_type	0.70
ALS	regulates	disease	0.70
NEURON	regulates	cell_type	0.70
DEMYELINATION	inhibits	phenotype	0.70
mitochondrial dynamics	participates_in	pathway	0.70
NEURON	treats	cell_type	0.65
GPX4	regulates	gene	0.65
MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION	causes	phenotype	0.65
MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION	treats	phenotype	0.65

Incoming (502)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
Rotenone	downregulates	compound	0.95
h-7bb47d7a	targets	hypothesis	0.90
AADC	associated_with	gene	0.80
APP	associated_with	gene	0.70
SLC16A2	associated_with	gene	0.70
DDC	associated_with	gene	0.70
levodopa	associated_with	compound	0.70
NEURODEGENERATION	destabilizes	phenotype	0.70
levodopa	targets	drug	0.70
CYCLOSPORINE	regulates	drug	0.70
EZH2	inhibits	gene	0.70
APP	inhibits	gene	0.70
TLR4	inhibits	gene	0.70
MTOR	activates	gene	0.70
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	treats	disease	0.70
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS	regulates	disease	0.70
NEURON	inhibits	cell_type	0.65
NLRP3	activates	gene	0.65
MICROGLIA	treats	cell_type	0.65
DOPAMINE	produces	phenotype	0.65
CURCUMIN	protects_against	drug	0.65
TREM2	regulates	gene	0.65
SCHIZOPHRENIA	inhibits	disease	0.65
NEUROINFLAMMATION	inhibits	phenotype	0.65
TREM2	activates	gene	0.65
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA	causes	brain_region	0.65
TREM2	protects_against	gene	0.65
DOPAMINE	targets	phenotype	0.65
MYC	expressed_in	gene	0.65
TREM2	exacerbates	gene	0.65
DRD2	associated_with	gene	0.65
DOPAMINERGIC	expressed_in	cell_type	0.65
RAPAMYCIN	regulates	drug	0.65
FERROPTOSIS	regulates	phenotype	0.65
TAU	associated_with	protein	0.65
TAU	phosphorylates	protein	0.65
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	0.65
FERROPTOSIS	inhibits	phenotype	0.65
SNCA	associated_with	gene	0.65
PINK1	co_discussed	gene	0.60
FBXW7	interacts_with	gene	0.60
AIF1	associated_with	gene	0.60
ATG5	associated_with	gene	0.60
ATG7	associated_with	gene	0.60
BECN1	associated_with	gene	0.60
CASP1	associated_with	gene	0.60
GFAP	associated_with	gene	0.60
IBA1	associated_with	gene	0.60
IL1B	associated_with	gene	0.60
IL6	associated_with	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound with 40Hz gamma	1.000	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
SASP Modulation Rather Than Cell Elimination	0.981	-	Senescent cell clearance as neurodegener
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.948	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.944	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
PLCG2 Allosteric Modulation as a Precision Therapeutic for T	0.941	neurodegeneration	TREM2 agonism vs antagonism in DAM micro

Plasma p-tau217-Triggered Exosome Dosing Maximizes lncRNA-00	0.938	molecular neurobiology	View
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons	0.927	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
CYP46A1 Gene Therapy for Age-Related TREM2-Mediated Microgli	0.921	neurodegeneration	Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
Autophagy-Senescence Axis Therapeutic Window	0.921	-	Senescent cell clearance as neurodegener
Selective Acid Sphingomyelinase Modulation Therapy	0.920	neurodegeneration	Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
HK2-Dependent Metabolic Checkpoint as the Gatekeeper of DAM	0.919	neurodegeneration	How do different microglial subtypes (DA
Palmitoylethanolamide-Based Endocannabinoid Therapy	0.919	-	Blood-brain barrier tight junction disru
CYP46A1 Overexpression Gene Therapy	0.919	neurodegeneration	Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block t	0.896	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Hypothesis 4: Metabolic Coupling via Lactate-Shuttling Colla	0.892	neurodegeneration	View
Multi-Target Hypothesis: Aβ-Induced Cholinergic Damage is Pa	0.887	-	Do β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary
Focused Ultrasound with Microbubble Contrast Agents for Anti	0.886	neurodegeneration	Blood-brain barrier antibody transport m
Optimized Temporal Window for Metabolic Boosting Therapy Det	0.879	neurodegeneration	How do different microglial subtypes (DA
GluN2B-Mediated Thalamocortical Control of Glymphatic Tau Cl	0.869	neuroscience	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneuro	0.863	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Prima	0.858	neurodegeneration	How do different microglial subtypes (DA
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress	0.857	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma entrainment therapy to restore hippocampal-cortical sy	0.851	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
p38α Inhibitor and PRMT1 Activator Combination to Restore Ph	0.848	neurodegeneration	What is the therapeutic window between i
Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-br	0.846	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated	0.843	molecular neurobiology	View
Hypothesis 7: SST-SST1R/Gamma Entrainment-Enhanced Astrocyte	0.839	neurodegeneration	View
Sequential Iron Chelation (Deferoxamine) and GPX4 Restoratio	0.838	neurodegeneration	View
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to	0.831	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Beta-frequency entrainment therapy targeting PV interneuron-	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-11 | 0 hypotheses

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 13 hypotheses Top: 0.888

Experiments (3)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn	clinical	Alzheimer's disease and relate	0.950	human patients	proposed	N/A
Epigenetic clocks association with brain aging patterns in older women	exploratory	cognitive impairment and demen	0.900	human patients	proposed	N/A
E2F coordination of G2/M transcriptional program	exploratory		0.750	endocycling mammalian cells	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation Modulates Hepatic Lipidomic Alterations and Attenua [PMID:41754105]	Go Y, Joung H, Han SY, Chung J	Nutrients	2026
SMPD1 as a Potential Prognostic Biomarker in Glioma Is Associated With an Immuno [PMID:41795144]	Xu Y, Liu X, Xu B, Li Q, Zhang L, Li C,	CNS neuroscience & therapeutic	2026
Endogenous Ceramide 24:1 Constrains Th17-Driven Neutrophilic Inflammation by Ant [PMID:41824764]	Liu H, Aili A, Kuang Z, Cao L, Li Z, Sha	Advanced science (Weinheim, Ba	2026
Suspected Niemann-Pick disease type B with sea-blue histiocytosis after splenect [PMID:41791926]	Liu W, Qin L, Wang G	Journal of clinical lipidology	2026
Olipudase alfa treatment for pediatric acid sphingomyelinase deficiency in Egypt [PMID:41716780]	Arafa NA, Mahfouz A, Anwar S, Marzouk I	Molecular genetics and metabol	2026
Acid sphingomyelinase activity suggests a new antipsychotic pharmaco-treatment s [PMID:39825014]	Chestnykh D, Mühle C, Schumacher F, Kali	Mol Psychiatry	2025
Reduction of sphingomyelinase activity associated with progranulin deficiency an [PMID:40633679]	Boyle NR, Fox SN, Tadepalli AS, Seyfried	Neurobiol Dis	2025
Acid sphingomyelinase activity suggests a new antipsychotic pharmaco-treatment s [PMID:39825014]	Chestnykh D, Mühle C, Schumacher F, Kali	Molecular psychiatry	2025
Reduction of sphingomyelinase activity associated with progranulin deficiency an [PMID:40633679]	Boyle NR, Fox SN, Tadepalli AS, Seyfried	Neurobiology of disease	2025
Acid sphingomyelinase as a pathological and therapeutic target in neurological d [PMID:38337058]	Choi BJ, Park MH, Jin HK, Bae JS	Exp Mol Med	2024
Acid sphingomyelinase as a pathological and therapeutic target in neurological d [PMID:38337058]	Choi BJ, Park MH, Jin HK, Bae JS	Experimental & molecular medic	2024
Optimal Control with RdCVFL for Degenerating Photoreceptors. [PMID:38345678]	["Wifvat K", "Camacho E", "Kawski M", "L	Bulletin of mathematical biolo	2024
The Genetic Basis, Lung Involvement, and Therapeutic Options in Niemann-Pick Dis [PMID:38397448]	Tirelli C, Rondinone O, Italia M, Mira S	Biomolecules	2024
To eat or not to eat red meat? Artificial intelligence should help us to find th [PMID:37345678]	Ramon Estruch; Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós;	European heart journal	2023
The Niemann-Pick type diseases - A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and [PMID:37003582]	Pfrieger FW	Prog Lipid Res	2023
Consensus clinical management guidelines for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (N [PMID:37069638]	Geberhiwot T, Wasserstein M, Wanninayake	Orphanet journal of rare disea	2023
Functional screening of lysosomal storage disorder genes identifies modifiers of [PMID:37200393]	Yu M, Ye H, De-Paula RB, Mangleburg CG,	PLoS genetics	2023
Case report: The spectrum of SMPD1 pathogenic variants in Hungary. [PMID:37347058]	["Molnar M", "Szlepak T", "Cs\u00fcrke I	Frontiers in genetics	2023
The Niemann-Pick type diseases - A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and [PMID:37003582]	Pfrieger FW	Progress in lipid research	2023
Compound Heterozygote Mutation in the SMPD1 Gene Leading to Nieman-Pick Disease [PMID:36333862]	["Kav\u010di\u010d A", "Homan M", "\u017	The American journal of case r	2022

Debates (2)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-11

What are the mechanisms underlying what are the mechanisms by which gut microbio

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-01

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning TH in their description or question text

TH

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (17)

TH Gene

MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase)

THAP1 Gene

THBS4 Gene

STATHMIN — Stathmin-1 (Oncoprotein 18)

TH Protein — Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (239)

Incoming (502)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

Experiments (3)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (2)

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

What are the mechanisms underlying what are the mechanisms by which gut microbio

Related Research

Plasma p-tau217-Triggered Exosome Dosing Maximizes lncRNA-0021 Therapeutic Windo

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons to restore theta-ga

CYP46A1 Gene Therapy for Age-Related TREM2-Mediated Microglial Senescence Revers

Autophagy-Senescence Axis Therapeutic Window

Selective Acid Sphingomyelinase Modulation Therapy

HK2-Dependent Metabolic Checkpoint as the Gatekeeper of DAM Transition

Palmitoylethanolamide-Based Endocannabinoid Therapy

CYP46A1 Overexpression Gene Therapy

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block tau propagation and r

Hypothesis 4: Metabolic Coupling via Lactate-Shuttling Collapse

Multi-Target Hypothesis: Aβ-Induced Cholinergic Damage is Partially Irreversible

Focused Ultrasound with Microbubble Contrast Agents for Antibody CNS Delivery

Optimized Temporal Window for Metabolic Boosting Therapy Determines Success of M

GluN2B-Mediated Thalamocortical Control of Glymphatic Tau Clearance

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneurons to restore theta-

TH

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (17)

TH Gene

MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase)

THAP1 Gene

THBS4 Gene

STATHMIN — Stathmin-1 (Oncoprotein 18)

TH Protein — Tyrosine Hydroxylase

FTH1 Gene — Ferritin Heavy Chain 1

NTHL1 Gene

Arcuate Nucleus TH Neurons

ETH Zurich

NUDT1 — NUDIX Hydrolase 1 (MTH1)

Ferritin Heavy Chain (FTH1)

LEAF Trial - THC+CBD for Alzheimer's Disease Agitation (NCT05644262)

NUDT1 Protein — NUDIX Hydrolase 1 (MTH1)

Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) Neurons in Neurodegeneration

FTH1 Protein — Ferritin Heavy Chain

FTH1 Protein

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (239)

Incoming (502)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (2)

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

Experiments (3)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (2)

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

What are the mechanisms underlying what are the mechanisms by which gut microbio

Related Research

Plasma p-tau217-Triggered Exosome Dosing Maximizes lncRNA-0021 Therapeutic Windo

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons to restore theta-ga

CYP46A1 Gene Therapy for Age-Related TREM2-Mediated Microglial Senescence Revers

Autophagy-Senescence Axis Therapeutic Window

Selective Acid Sphingomyelinase Modulation Therapy

HK2-Dependent Metabolic Checkpoint as the Gatekeeper of DAM Transition

Palmitoylethanolamide-Based Endocannabinoid Therapy

CYP46A1 Overexpression Gene Therapy

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block tau propagation and r

Hypothesis 4: Metabolic Coupling via Lactate-Shuttling Collapse

Multi-Target Hypothesis: Aβ-Induced Cholinergic Damage is Partially Irreversible

Focused Ultrasound with Microbubble Contrast Agents for Antibody CNS Delivery

Optimized Temporal Window for Metabolic Boosting Therapy Determines Success of M

GluN2B-Mediated Thalamocortical Control of Glymphatic Tau Clearance

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneurons to restore theta-