gene

INFLAMMATION

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about INFLAMMATION: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

12833Connections

26Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

2Experiments

0Debates

Summary

Neuroinflammation is a key driver of neurodegenerative disease progression. It involves activation of microglia and astrocytes, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6), complement cascade activation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. While acute inflammation is neuroprotective, chronic neuroinflammation exacerbates neuronal damage. Key pathways include NF-kB, JAK-STAT, NLRP3 inflammasome, and TLR signaling.

View on Wiki →

AI-generated illustration

Regenerate portrait ↻

🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	INFLAMMATION
Mitochondrial protection	In primary dopaminergic neurons, O-GlcNAcylated alpha-synuclein showed reduced mitochondrial localization and less mitochondrial fragmentation on TOM20 immunostaining
In vivo PD model	OGA inhibition in MPTP-treated mice reduced dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and improved motor performance on rotarod and cylinder tests[@troyer2020]
Cytoplasmic relocalization	O-GlcNAcylated TDP-43 showed reduced cytoplasmic aggregation in cellular models of TDP-43 pathology
Splicing function preservation	O-GlcNAc-modified TDP-43 retained its nuclear splicing function in minigene reporter assays, while unmodified TDP-43 lost function as it mislocalized
Stress granule dynamics	O-GlcNAcylation altered TDP-43's incorporation into stress granules, a pre-aggregation state in FTLD/ALS
Synapsin I and NMDA receptors	Key presynaptic (Synapsin I) and postsynaptic (NR1, NR2A/B subunits) proteins are O-GlcNAc-modified, and their O-GlcNAcylation correlated with improved cognitive performance in mouse studies
Long-term potentiation	OGA inhibition enhanced theta-burst induced LTP in hippocampal brain slices by ~40%, suggesting direct enhancement of synaptic plasticity mechanisms
Associated Diseases	Aging, Als, Alzheimer, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Known Drugs/Compounds	BERBERINE, BPMC, C-Phycocyanin, CURCUMIN, DIMETHYL FUMARATE, Flavonoids
Interactions	6-OHDA, ABCA1, ABCA7, ABCB1, ABCD1, ABCD2
KG Connections	6352 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Wiki Pages (2)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Dr. John K. Troyer — O-GlcNAcylation in Neurodegeneration

researcher · 1345 words

→

INFLAMMATION

phenotype · 568 words

→

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| CANCER["CANCER"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| NRF2["NRF2"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"regulates"| Autophagy["Autophagy"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"regulates"| Mtor["Mtor"]
        IL6["IL6"] -->|"activates"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
        AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"regulates"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
        P53["P53"] -->|"regulates"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
        CYTOKINES_2["CYTOKINES"] -.->|"inhibits"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
    end
    subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"associated with"| AGING["AGING"]
        CYTOKINES["CYTOKINES"] -->|"associated with"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
    end
    subgraph Therapeutic["Therapeutic"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Als["Als"]
        INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"therapeutic target"| Autoimmune["Autoimmune"]
        CYTOKINES_1["CYTOKINES"] -->|"therapeutic target"| INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"]
    end
    style INFLAMMATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
    style MICROGLIA fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style CANCER fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NRF2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style AGING fill:#5d4400,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Als fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Inflammation fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Autoimmune fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Autophagy fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Mtor fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style IL6 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style CYTOKINES fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style AUTOPHAGY fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style P53 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style CYTOKINES_1 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style CYTOKINES_2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (5556)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	1.00
Blood-Brain Barrier	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Complement	therapeutic_target	pathway	1.00
Alzheimer	interacts_with	disease	1.00
Inflammasome	inhibits	pathway	1.00
Phagocytosis	regulates	pathway	1.00
Mitochondrial Function	activates	pathway	1.00
Hepatitis	inhibits	disease	1.00
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	associated_with	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
Immune Response	activates	pathway	1.00
OPTN	activates	gene	1.00
MICRORNAS	regulates	gene	1.00
Stroke	inhibits	disease	1.00
Aging	regulates	disease	1.00
Cardiovascular	activates	disease	1.00
Innate Immunity	activates	pathway	1.00
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	activates	gene	1.00
TNF-Α	regulates	gene	1.00
Carcinoma	activates	disease	1.00
Glycolysis	activates	pathway	1.00
Oxidative Stress	expressed_in	pathway	1.00
Blood-Brain Barrier	therapeutic_target	pathway	1.00
Hepatitis	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Innate Immunity	regulates	pathway	1.00
Als	interacts_with	disease	1.00
Epigenetic	regulates	pathway	1.00
Atherosclerosis	activates	disease	1.00
Immune Response	regulates	pathway	1.00
Cholesterol	activates	pathway	1.00
Epigenetic	activates	pathway	1.00
Epigenetic	activates	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	interacts_with	disease	1.00
Inflammation	protects_against	disease	1.00
Parkinson	regulates	disease	1.00
Diabetes	inhibits	disease	1.00
Oxidative Phosphorylation	regulates	pathway	1.00
Obesity	activates	disease	1.00
Als	expressed_in	disease	1.00
CGAS	activates	gene	1.00
Depression	activates	disease	1.00
STING	activates	gene	1.00
Stroke	regulates	disease	1.00
Tgf-Β	regulates	pathway	1.00
Mapk	regulates	pathway	1.00
NRF2	regulates	gene	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	inhibits	gene	1.00
Neuroinflammation	inhibits	disease	1.00
Autoimmune	inhibits	disease	1.00
Senescence	inhibits	disease	1.00

Incoming (7277)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
PI3K	regulates	gene	1.00
MITOPHAGY	activates	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	activates	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	activates	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
INFLAMMATION	regulates	gene	1.00
EGFR	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES	activates	gene	1.00
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	activates	gene	1.00
NF-ΚB	inhibits	gene	1.00
INFLAMMATION	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
CYTOKINES	inhibits	gene	1.00
CYTOKINES	inhibits	gene	1.00
APOE	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
CGAS	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
P53	regulates	gene	1.00
PI3K	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
INFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
CYTOKINES	activates	gene	1.00
P53	activates	gene	1.00
OXIDATIVE STRESS	regulates	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	regulates	gene	1.00
NF-ΚB	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
OVERVIEW	activates	gene	1.00
MYD88	activates	gene	1.00
TNF	regulates	gene	1.00
MIRNAS	regulates	gene	1.00
CD4	regulates	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	regulates	gene	1.00
JUN	regulates	gene	1.00
IL6	activates	protein	1.00
NRF2	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
MTOR	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
OVERVIEW	regulates	gene	1.00
IL6	inhibits	gene	1.00
PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
ATG5	inhibits	gene	1.00
NLRP3	inhibits	gene	1.00
TLR4	activates	gene	1.00
Stroke	associated_with	disease	1.00
CYTOKINES	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
ASC	activates	gene	1.00
ATG5	activates	gene	1.00
STING	activates	gene	1.00
NLRP3	activates	gene	1.00
MTOR	activates	gene	1.00
BAX	inhibits	gene	1.00
NRF2	regulates	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	1.00

Targeting Hypotheses (26)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Microglial AIM2 Inflammasome as the Primary Driver of TDP-43	0.824	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Beta-Hydroxybutyrate Receptor (HCAR2) Signaling Links Ketone	0.808	neurodegeneration	What are the precise temporal dynamics o
SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resil	0.778	neurodegeneration	How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite
TLR4 priming is the actionable driver in: How does gut micro	0.750	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
plasma LPS-binding protein separates causal from compensator	0.738	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri

microglial inflammasome tone defines the therapeutic window	0.723	neurodegeneration	How does gut microbiome dysbiosis contri
Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) as Therapeutic Mimic — Decoupling Pha	0.714	Alzheimer's disease	TREM2 agonism vs antagonism in DAM micro
Microglial Disease-Associated States: TREM2-Independent Path	0.710	neurodegeneration	Cell type vulnerability debate in Alzhei
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut	0.703	neurodegeneration	How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite
AQP4 Dysregulation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Impair	0.680	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular mechanis
Microglial TREM2 state determines whether C1q-tagged substra	0.670	neurodegeneration	Does C1q function differ based on subcel
NeuroD1-Mediated Astrocyte Reprogramming Attenuates Neuroinf	0.650	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons
Epigenetic Silencing of AIF1 Gene Locus by Chronic Inflammat	0.643	neuroinflammation	What causes IBA1 low/negative microglia
Peripheral-to-Central Inflammation Circuit Breaker	0.626	-	Blood-brain barrier tight junction disru
APOE4 preferentially signals through LRP1 over LDLR, alterin	0.610	neuroscience	APOE4-driven lipid metabolism dysregulat
STING Antagonism Prevents Acute-to-Chronic Neuroinflammation	0.601	neuroinflammation	What molecular mechanisms drive the tran
Cardiovascular-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk Interruption	0.587	Alzheimer's disease	Neuroinflammation and microglial priming
Astrocyte cGAS/STING Activation Converts Protective into Des	0.580	neuroinflammation	How does chronic cGAS/STING activation d
Neuroinflammation-Driven TDP-43 Mislocalization via Microgli	0.580	neurodegeneration	How does APOE4 mechanistically increase
PINK1/PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy Enhancement for Neuroinflamma	0.571	Neuroinflammation	Immune atlas neuroinflammation analysis
BET Bromodomain Inhibition for Neuroinflammation Suppression	0.550	neurodegeneration	Comparative epigenetic signatures across
Lactate/Pyruvate Ratio Dynamics in CSF as a Neuroinflammatio	0.532	translational neuroscience	Which metabolic biomarkers can distingui
Astrocyte-Specific DGAT1 Inhibition to Prevent Lipid Droplet	0.515	lipidomics	Lipid metabolism dysregulation in Alzhei
Testosterone-Derived DHT Amplifies Microglial Androgen Recep	0.490	neuroinflammation	How do regional, age, and sex-dependent
Necroptosis-cGAS Feedforward Loop Converts TDP-43 Pathology	0.460	neuroinflammation	How does chronic cGAS/STING activation d
Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disea	0.362	Alzheimer's disease	Allen Mouse Brain Aging Atlas: cross-age

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (2)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
PGC-1α knockout analysis of PV+ interneuron maturation	validation	neurodevelopmental disorders	0.850	0.00	knockout mice	proposed	N/A
PV+ interneuron subtype diversification analysis	exploratory	neurodevelopmental disorders	0.750	0.00	mouse cortical PV+ interneuron	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (9)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Small molecule-driven NLRP3 inflammation inhibition via interplay between ubiqui [PMID:30966861]	["Han X", "Sun S", "Sun Y", "Song Q", "Z	Autophagy	2020	1
Obesity-induced pyroptotic adipocyte death leads to TREM2-dependent macrophage d [PMID:41509917]	Choi C, Lee J, Park G, Namgoong S, Lee Y	iScience	2026	0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Inhibition of autophagy in microglia and macrophages exacerbates innate immune r [PMID:36652438]	Hegdekar N, Sarkar C, Bustos S, Ritzel R	Autophagy	2023	0
Inflammasome assembly in neurodegenerative diseases. [PMID:37633753]	Singh J, Habean ML, Panicker N	Trends in neurosciences	2023	0
NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis exerts a crucial role in astrocyte pat [PMID:34877938]	Li S, Sun Y, Song M, Song Y, Fang Y, Zha	JCI insight	2021	0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554]	Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E,	International journal of molec	2020	0
Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. [PMID:29358320]	Lassmann H	Cold Spring Harbor perspective	2018	0
Inflammasome inhibition prevents α-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodeg [PMID:30381407]	Gordon R, Albornoz EA, Christie DC, Lang	Science translational medicine	2018	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning INFLAMMATION in their description or question text

INFLAMMATION

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (2)

Dr. John K. Troyer — O-GlcNAcylation in Neurodegeneration

INFLAMMATION

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (5556)

Incoming (7277)

Targeting Hypotheses (26)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (2)

Related Papers (9)

Debates (0)

Related Research

microglial inflammasome tone defines the therapeutic window for: How does gut mi

Soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) as Therapeutic Mimic — Decoupling Phagocytosis from Infla

Microglial Disease-Associated States: TREM2-Independent Pathways Driving Neuroin

TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut-Brain Neuroinflamma

AQP4 Dysregulation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Impaired CNS-Peripheral Im

Microglial TREM2 state determines whether C1q-tagged substrates are cleared adap

NeuroD1-Mediated Astrocyte Reprogramming Attenuates Neuroinflammation Through Ep

Epigenetic Silencing of AIF1 Gene Locus by Chronic Inflammation

Peripheral-to-Central Inflammation Circuit Breaker

APOE4 preferentially signals through LRP1 over LDLR, altering endosomal choleste

STING Antagonism Prevents Acute-to-Chronic Neuroinflammation Transition via Inte

Cardiovascular-Neuroinflammation Crosstalk Interruption

Astrocyte cGAS/STING Activation Converts Protective into Destructive Neuroinflam

Neuroinflammation-Driven TDP-43 Mislocalization via Microglial APOE4 Signaling

PINK1/PARK2-Mediated Mitophagy Enhancement for Neuroinflammation Control