gene

GFAP

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GFAP: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

3223Connections

5Hypotheses

21Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

3Experiments

20Debates

Summary

Page for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene)

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	GFAP
Aliases	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
Chromosome	17q21.31
Protein Family	Type III intermediate filament protein
Protein Type	Biomarker / Structural Protein
Target Class	Structural Protein
Function	Biomarker readout — GFAP levels reflect astrocyte reactivity; modulating upstream pathways (e.g., NF-κB, JAK-STAT) reduces GFAP expression
Mechanism of Action	Biomarker readout — GFAP levels reflect astrocyte reactivity; modulating upstream pathways (e.g., NF-κB, JAK-STAT) reduces GFAP expression
Primary Expression	Cytoplasm (cytoskeletal intermediate filament)
Druggability	Medium (0.52)
Clinical Stage	Phase II
Molecular Weight	50 kDa
Amino Acids	432 aa
Exons	9
Pathways	Amyloid, Er Stress, Inflammasome, Innate Immunity, Mapk
UniProt ID	P14136
GeneCards	GFAP
Human Protein Atlas	GFAP
Associated Diseases	Aging, Alexander disease, ALEXANDER_DISEASE, Alexander's disease, Als
Known Drugs/Compounds	Baohuoside I, BPMC, ceftriaxone, Ceftriaxone, CEFTRIAXONE, DSS
Interactions	ABCA1, ACHE, ACTB, ACTG1, Actin, AD
SciDEX Target	View Target Profile (8 clinical trials)
SciDEX Hypotheses	GFAP-Positive Reactive Astrocyte Subtype Delineati Heterogeneous astrocyte activation states differen Neurovascular Permeability Score (NVPS): Composite (+2 more)
KG Connections	3219 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards NCBI Gene HPA STRING

🔮 Predicted Structure: GFAP — AlphaFold P14136 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (12)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    GFAP(["GFAP"])
    ASTROCYTES(["ASTROCYTES"])
    Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
    Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    Als["Als"]
    Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
    Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    Aging["Aging"]
    ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE(["ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE"])
    ALZHEIMER(["ALZHEIMER"])
    AMYLOID(["AMYLOID"])
    NEURODEGENERATION(["NEURODEGENERATION"])

    GFAP -->|"expressed in"| ASTROCYTES
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Neurodegeneration
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Inflammation
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Als
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Neuroinflammation
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Alzheimer
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Neuroinflammation
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Inflammation
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Als
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Aging
    ASTROCYTES -->|"activates"| GFAP
    ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    ALZHEIMER -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    AMYLOID -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    NEURODEGENERATION -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP

    style GFAP fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (2059)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Aging	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Alzheimer	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
ds-f2c28aed24a7	provides_data_for	dataset	1.00
Als	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
ASTROCYTES	expressed_in	cell_type	1.00
Inflammation	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.97
neuroinflammation	associated_with	phenotype	0.97
Astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.95
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	associated_with	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	0.95
reactive astrocytes	biomarker_for	phenotype	0.95
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	0.95
Dementia	biomarker_for	disease	0.95
Alexander's Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Alexander disease	causes	disease	0.95
Astrocytes	biomarker_for	cell_type	0.95
Cytoskeleton	component_of	process	0.93
astrocyte marker	associated_with	phenotype	0.93
astrocyte activation	biomarker_for	process	0.92
Astrocytic Structure	associated_with	phenotype	0.92
spinal cord injury	biomarker_for	disease	0.91
AD pathology	indicates	disease	0.90
Astroglial Activation	biomarker_for	process	0.90
Mechanical Integrity	involved_in	process	0.90
A1_ASTROCYTE	marker_of	cell_type	0.90
Astroglial Activation	biomarker_for	process	0.90
neuroinflammation	activates	disease	0.90
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.90
Notch Signaling	regulates	pathway	0.90
PLASMA_BIOMARKER	serves_as	biomarker	0.90
astrocyte	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
astrocytes	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
astrocytes	activates	cell_type	0.90
cortex	expressed_in	brain_region	0.90
astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
NLRP3	associated_with	gene	0.90
neural stem cells	activates	cell_type	0.90
Apoptosis	inhibits	pathway	0.90
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	0.90
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	0.90
DEMENTIA	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	0.90

Incoming (1164)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
NEURODEGENERATION	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	associated_with	cell_type	1.00
ds-f2c28aed24a7	data_in	dataset	1.00
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	gene	1.00
TAU	associated_with	protein	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	activates	gene	1.00
TAU	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
TNF-Α	activates	gene	1.00
TNF	associated_with	gene	0.98
APP	associated_with	gene	0.98
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	0.98
Semaglutide	inhibits	drug	0.95
KISS1R	coexpressed_with	gene	0.95
ceftriaxone	interacts_with	drug	0.95
LPS	activates	drug	0.90
Hearing Loss	upregulates	phenotype	0.90
Ceftriaxone	interacts_with	drug	0.90
astrocytes	produces	cell_type	0.90
Vanadium	upregulates	compound	0.90
h-3bfa414a	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
h-seaad-56fa6428	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
h_seaad_002	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.90
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	0.90
IL-6	associated_with	gene	0.90
PHENYTOIN	interacts_with	drug	0.90
BDNF	associated_with	gene	0.90
phenytoin	interacts_with	drug	0.90
TAU PATHOLOGY	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
NFL	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
APOPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.90
ASTROCYTE	inhibits	cell_type	0.90
Baohuoside I	inhibits	drug	0.88
Phenytoin	interacts_with	drug	0.85
Bpmc	downregulates	compound	0.85
PI3K/AKT/mTOR	upstream_of	pathway	0.85
S1PR1	upregulates	protein	0.85
NFKB1	regulates	gene	0.85
NF-κB	upstream_of	pathway	0.82
Metformin	downregulates	drug	0.80
PROTEIN KINASE	modulates	enzyme	0.80
Neuronal Activity	modulates	process	0.80
HEARING_LOSS	upregulates	phenotype	0.80
GINSENOSIDE_RO	downregulates	compound	0.80

Targeting Hypotheses (5)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
GFAP-Positive Reactive Astrocyte Subtype Delineation	0.754	Alzheimer's Disease	SEA-AD Gene Expression Profiling — Allen
Heterogeneous astrocyte activation states differentially imp	0.640	Alzheimer's disease	SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type V
Neurovascular Permeability Score (NVPS): Composite Plasma +	0.600	-	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes
GFAP Perivascular Redistribution (End-Feet Retraction) as Tr	0.594	-	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes
Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disea	0.362	Alzheimer's disease	Allen Mouse Brain Aging Atlas: cross-age

Mentioning Analyses (21)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-26 | 5 hypotheses Top: 0.712

Neuroinflammation Biomarker Panel for Early AD Detection

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-18 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.105

Proteomics Differential Expression in AD CSF and Brain Tissue

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 0 hypotheses

Multi-modal Biomarker Panel Design for Early AD Detection

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 0 hypotheses

Spatial Transcriptomics Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Regions

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 0 hypotheses

Experiments (3)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
iPSC-NPC effects on astrocytes in vitro ICH model	exploratory	intracerebral hemorrhage	0.900	0.00	in vitro ICH cell culture mode	proposed	N/A
Cognitive impact of TDP-43 pathology in AD patients	clinical	Alzheimer's disease	0.700	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
Blood Biomarker vs Tau PET for Treatment Monitoring	clinical	ALS	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organizati [PMID:37824655]	Jorstad NL, Close J, Johansen N, Yanny A	Science	2023	186
Independent and interactive contributions of white matter hyperintensities and A [PMID:41906163]	Dario Bachmann; Christoph Gericke; Maha	Alzheimer's research & the	2026	0
Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associate [PMID:41905188]	Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kr	The journal of prevention of A	2026	0
Brain atrophy patterns in anti-IgLON5 disease. [PMID:40650880]	Yogeshwar SM, Bartels F, Grüter T, Muñiz	Brain	2026	0
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease across diverse biological domains: an umbrell [PMID:40680830]	Kang J, Son Y, Yim Y, Cho H, Kim J et al	J Adv Res	2026	0
Potential diagnostic markers in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives and fu [PMID:40911035]	Zheng M, Wang S, Jia J	Neurodegener Dis Manag	2026	0
MAO-B status in alcohol use disorder: a [(11)C]SL25.1188 PET imaging study of pu [PMID:41291188]	Best LM, Truong J, McCluskey T, Meyer JH	Mol Psychiatry	2026	0
Kidney Function, Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers, and Dementia Risk in Commun [PMID:41337685]	Gasparini F, Valletta M, Vetrano DL, Ber	Neurology	2026	0
The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and [PMID:41527736]	Abedin MJ, Kastanenka KV	J Alzheimers Dis	2026	0
Association between sleep duration and fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: [PMID:41610733]	Young VM, Zeynoun J, Ruiz Laza A, Salard	Sleep Med Rev	2026	0
Biomarker-integrated prognostic stagings for Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:41622252]	Shin D, Lee S, Kim JP, Jang H, Yun J et	Nat Commun	2026	0
Injectable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel for [PMID:41624514]	Liu A, Sheng K, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang X et	Mater Today Bio	2026	0
NRF2 deficit prevents pathologic Tau seeding and spreading in an induced tauopat [PMID:41650822]	López-Sampere Y, Mengod Soler P, Roca-Pe	Redox Biol	2026	0
Prognostic Value of Plasma NfL and GFAP for Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease an [PMID:41703957]	Özkurt Ç, Kelicen-Uğur P	Biomarkers	2026	0
Decoding Alzheimer's disease through down syndrome: insights from a genetically [PMID:41709686]	Russell JK, Schlachetzki Z, Rafii MS	Curr Opin Neurol	2026	0
Longitudinal Metabolic Alterations of the Visual Cortex in Diabetic Retinopathy [PMID:41732018]	Shen D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M e	NMR Biomed	2026	0
Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: potential utility in clinical pra [PMID:41732138]	Zeng X, Nicholson N, Karikari TK	Curr Opin Neurol	2026	0
From scaffold to effector: reframing GFAP in neurodegeneration. [PMID:41775321]	Lu YH, Zhu XP, Li S, Zhang FN, Cai CB et	J Adv Res	2026	0
Translating neurofilament light chain testing into clinical practice: a multidis [PMID:41831326]	Furlan R, Di Sapio A, Ferraro D, Rossi E	Clin Chem Lab Med	2026	0
Role of astrocyte biomarker GFAP in early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of [PMID:41850459]	Li S, Wei S, Wang L, Yu T, Wang H et al.	Int J Biol Macromol	2026	0

Debates (20)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

active · Rounds: 7 · Score: 0.00 · 2026-04-26

Should metabolic reprogramming via SIRT1/NAD+/PGC-1alpha axis be prioritized to

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.81 · 2026-04-23

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

closed · Rounds: 0 · Score: 0.66 · 2026-04-21