gene

SPR

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about SPR: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

249Connections

19Hypotheses

4Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

8Experiments

4Debates

Summary

SPR is a gene implicated in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: therapeutic target, inhibits, activates. Associated with ALS, Aging, Als. Connected to 160 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

View on Wiki →

No AI portrait yet

🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	SPR
Protein Type	Enzyme
Function	GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCH1): GTP → 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate
Subcellular Localization	Cytosolic
Pathways	Immune Response
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000166347
GeneCards	SPR
Human Protein Atlas	SPR
1QPD	Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPR complexed with NADPH (2.0 Å resolution) — reveals cofactor binding mode
1ZTR	Human SPR in complex with cofactor and inhibitor analogs (1.8 Å) — guides drug design
2NBQ	Mutant SPR variants from SRD patients — structure-function relationships
AlphaFold2	Predicted full-length human SPR structure consistent with biochemical data
Associated Diseases	ALS, Ischemia, Ms
Interactions	AKT1, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND, APOPTOSIS, App
KG Connections	249 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Wiki Pages (18)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    SPR["SPR"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Als["Als"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Traumatic_Brain_Injury["Traumatic Brain Injury"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Ms["Ms"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Cardiovascular["Cardiovascular"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Tumor["Tumor"]
    SPR -->|"inhibits"| Hypertension["Hypertension"]
    SPR -->|"target for"| Diabetes["Diabetes"]
    TNF["TNF"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR
    HK2["HK2"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR
    MAPK10["MAPK10"] -->|"target for"| SPR
    GENES["GENES"] -->|"target for"| SPR
    APOE["APOE"] -->|"target for"| SPR
    SIGLEC1["SIGLEC1"] -->|"target for"| SPR
    PINK1["PINK1"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR
    PARKIN["PARKIN"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR
    MITOPHAGY["MITOPHAGY"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR
    TAZ["TAZ"] -->|"inhibits"| SPR

Outgoing (148)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Fibrosis	therapeutic_target	disease	0.75
Tumor	inhibits	disease	0.75
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.70
Apoptosis	inhibits	pathway	0.70
Hypertension	inhibits	disease	0.65
Neuroinflammation	inhibits	disease	0.65
Breast Cancer	activates	disease	0.65
Als	inhibits	disease	0.65
Cardiovascular	inhibits	disease	0.65
Traumatic Brain Injury	inhibits	disease	0.65
Inflammation	activates	disease	0.65
Cancer	activates	disease	0.65
Diabetes	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Ms	activates	disease	0.65
Ischemia	implicated_in	disease	0.65
Ischemia	activates	disease	0.65
Cancer	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Sepsis	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Carcinoma	inhibits	disease	0.65
Tumor	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	0.65
Ms	inhibits	disease	0.65
Liver Cancer	activates	disease	0.65
Atherosclerosis	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Cancer	inhibits	disease	0.65
Ms	associated_with	disease	0.65
Als	regulates	disease	0.65
Inflammation	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Infection	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Fatty Liver	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Lung Cancer	activates	disease	0.65
Carcinoma	expressed_in	disease	0.65
ALS	inhibits	disease	0.65
Aging	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Chronic Kidney Disease	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Alzheimer	inhibits	disease	0.65
Cancer	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Ms	therapeutic_target	disease	0.65
Rheumatoid Arthritis	inhibits	disease	0.65
Breast Cancer	inhibits	disease	0.65
Tgf-Β	therapeutic_target	pathway	0.60
Ferroptosis	therapeutic_target	pathway	0.60
Mitophagy	inhibits	pathway	0.60
Autophagy	inhibits	pathway	0.60
Pyroptosis	activates	pathway	0.60
Inflammasome	activates	pathway	0.60
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	0.60
YAP	associated_with	gene	0.60

Incoming (101)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
APOPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.70
MITOPHAGY	inhibits	gene	0.60
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	inhibits	gene	0.60
AGING	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
JAK	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
NF-ΚB	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
DIABETES MELLITUS	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	0.60
IFN	inhibits	gene	0.60
TNF-Α	inhibits	gene	0.60
MICROGLIA	inhibits	gene	0.60
BRAIN INJURY	inhibits	gene	0.60
CANCER	inhibits	gene	0.60
YAP	associated_with	gene	0.60
DNA	interacts_with	gene	0.60
HIF	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
AND	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	0.60
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	0.60
MITOCHONDRIA	activates	gene	0.60
MAPK	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
PKM2	inhibits	gene	0.60
RNA	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
APOPTOSIS	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
ROS	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
MEK	interacts_with	gene	0.60
ERK1/2	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
TNF	inhibits	gene	0.60
HK2	inhibits	gene	0.60
MFN2	implicated_in	gene	0.60
AKT1	implicated_in	gene	0.60
OPA1	implicated_in	gene	0.60
JAK2	interacts_with	gene	0.60
APP	inhibits	gene	0.60
GFAP	inhibits	gene	0.60
STAT3	inhibits	gene	0.60
NEK7	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
NLRP3	activates	gene	0.60
JAK2	associated_with	gene	0.60
FOXO1	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
PFKFB3	interacts_with	gene	0.60
GENES	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
REST	protects_against	gene	0.60
ACSL4	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
ACC	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
ERK	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
PYROPTOSIS	activates	gene	0.60
INFLAMMATION	activates	gene	0.60
INFLAMMATION	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60
FERROPTOSIS	therapeutic_target	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (19)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Senescence-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Spreading	0.730	neurodegeneration	Senolytic therapy for age-related neurod
EZH2-Mediated H3K27me3 Spreading in Senescent ALS Microglia	0.693	ALS	What are the mechanisms by which microgl
Context-Dependent CRISPR Activation in Specific Neuronal Sub	0.682	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Temporal CAG Repeat Stabilization via CRISPR-Mediated DNA Mi	0.681	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
CRISPR-Mediated Mitochondrial Genome Editing for Complex I D	0.681	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for

Acid-Degradable LNP-Mediated Prenatal CRISPR Intervention fo	0.638	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Programmable Neuronal Circuit Repair via Epigenetic CRISPR	0.630	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Multi-Modal CRISPR Platform for Simultaneous Editing and Mon	0.629	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Cholesterol-CRISPR Convergence Therapy for Neurodegeneration	0.622	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Trinucleotide Repeat Sequestration via CRISPR-Guided RNA Tar	0.613	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Basal forebrain NGF/TrkA trophic failure is an upstream trig	0.610	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
Metabolic Reprogramming via Coordinated Multi-Gene CRISPR Ci	0.599	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Blocking Astrocyte-Mediated Tau Re-Spreading via Cx43 Hemich	0.570	neuroscience	Trans-synaptic tau spreading and propaga
TFEB Activation Clears Tau-Loaded Endolysosomal Compartments	0.560	neurodegeneration	Investigate prion-like spreading of tau
Epigenetic Memory Reprogramming via CRISPRa-Mediated Chromat	0.544	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
Restoring AQP4 Astrocyte Polarization Enhances Glymphatic Ta	0.520	neurodegeneration	Investigate prion-like spreading of tau
Conditional CRISPR Kill Switches for Aberrant Protein Cleara	0.496	neurodegeneration	CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for
TREM2-Mediated Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming Accelerate	0.494	neuroscience	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
G3BP1-TDP-43 Cross-Seeding Drives Co-Aggregation That Prion-	0.490	neurodegeneration	How do disease-associated mutations in G

Mentioning Analyses (4)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What molecular mechanisms explain how KCNJ2 inhibition mitigates TBI-induced neu

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-13 | 0 hypotheses

How can CRISPR systems achieve persistent therapeutic effects while avoiding chr

gene therapy | 2026-04-11 | 0 hypotheses

CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 14 hypotheses Top: 0.803

CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-02 | 0 hypotheses

Experiments (8)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Proposed experiment from debate on Senolytics targeting p16/p21+ senes	falsification	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$80,000
Biomechanical Impact Profiles and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Phe	clinical	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	in_silico	proposed	$180,000
Ferroptosis Validation in Parkinson's Disease	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Iron Dyshomeostasis in MSA Pathogenesis Experiment	validation	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$2,280,000
Peroxisomal Dysfunction Validation in Parkinson's Disease	validation	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$2,280,000
Peroxisome Dysfunction Validation in Parkinson's Disease	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Regulated Necrosis Validation Study in Parkinson's Disease	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer's Disease Relationship	validation	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$3,000,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. [PMID:34057020]	Chua JP, De Calbiac H, Kabashi E, Barmad	Autophagy	2022	2
Klebsiella pneumoniae Induces Ferroptosis and Lactation Dysfunction in Bovine Ma [PMID:40937759]	Mao P, Wang Z, Duan J, Dong P, Yuan C, L	J Agric Food Chem	2025	1
Targeting ferroptosis: novel therapeutic approaches and intervention strategies [PMID:41425591]	Luo Y, Long M, Wu X, Zeng L	Front Immunol	2025	1
Trimetazidine attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced myocardial ferroptosis by [PMID:39134283]	Tan M, Yin Y, Chen W, Zhang J, Jin Y, Zh	Biochem Pharmacol	2024	1
Discovery of a glycosylated colchicine derivative as a neuroprotective agent for [PMID:41455281]	["Jash M", "Gupta S", "Garg S", "Khan J"	European journal of medicinal	2026	0
The NADPH oxidase inhibitor Vas2870 prevents myocyte ferroptosis and improves ca [PMID:41671579]	Wang J, Li CM, Yang B, Tantai RN, Guo HX	British journal of pharmacolog	2026	0
Exploring Parkinson's through the Lens of Genomics and Bioinformatics. [PMID:39929729]	Menon V	Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med	2026	0
Mismatch repair MLH complexes make distinct contributions to post-replicative mi [PMID:41648604]	Casazza KM, Williams GM, Johengen L, Kel	bioRxiv	2026	0
A Simple Method for RNA-Seq of Manually Isolated Chromatophores in Oryzias Fishe [PMID:41805030]	Goda M, Miyagi A, Sugiwaka K, Watanabe M	Dev Growth Differ	2026	0
Genome editing in Parkinson's disease: Unlocking therapeutic avenues through CRI [PMID:41905621]	["Singh R", "Maity P", "Jaiswal C"]	Neurochemistry international	2026	0
Targeting Non-coding RNAs in Neurodegeneration: Advances in Therapeutic RNA Moda [PMID:41588889]	["Thakur A", "Chowdhury K", "Kumar A", "	Current Alzheimer research	2026	0
Cell-type resolved protein atlas of brain lysosomes identifies SLC45A1-associate [PMID:41576950]	["Ghoochani A", "Heiby J", "Rawat E", "M	Cell	2026	0
Decoding Alzheimer's genetic risk through intercellular communication in the hum [PMID:41707523]	Lish AM, Young-Pearse TL	Current opinion in neurobiolog	2026	0
From association to mechanism: Prenatal PFAS Co-exposures induces fetal neural t [PMID:41485332]	Chen Y, Cheng Q, Yang C, Li S, Lin H, Li	Journal of hazardous materials	2026	0
Neuromodulatory role and therapeutic potential of N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methy [PMID:40618260]	Zhang J, Ma W, Liu R, Li X, Yuan Z, Chen	Neural regeneration research	2026	0
Hereditary Polyneuropathies in the Era of Precision Medicine: Genetic Complexity [PMID:41595476]	["Chrysostomaki M", "Chatzi D", "Kyriako	Genes	2026	0
Silencing myeloid cell leukemia-1 improves apoptotic and ferroptotic responses i [PMID:41540498]	Fang F, Xu Q, Shen S, Wang S, Bao C	European journal of medical re	2026	0
Neuroinflammation, Autophagy, and Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms and Therapeutic [PMID:41918200]	["Khanal P", "Balmik A"]	CNS & neurological disorders d	2026	0
Single-Cell Atlas of Transcription and Chromatin States Reveals Regulatory Progr [PMID:41676679]	Xie Y, Chang L, Zhong G, Rink JA, Báez-B	bioRxiv : the preprint server	2026	0
Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula XuMingZhuSan Alleviates Neuronal Ferroptosis [PMID:41822239]	Liu X, Wang C, Han L, Xiao Y, Yu H, Hu Z	Food science & nutrition	2026	0

Debates (4)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

The debate highlighted that long-term CRISPR expression triggers immune response

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-18

The study identifies KCNJ2 as a therapeutic target through CRISPR screening but

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.71 · 2026-04-16

Evaluate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and related gene editing technologies for

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-03

Evaluate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and related gene editing technologies for

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-02

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning SPR in their description or question text

SPR

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (18)

Sepiapterin Reductase (SPR)

Anti-CASPR2 Encephalitis-Affected Neurons

CRISPR Gene Editing for Parkinson's Disease

Section 107: CRISPR-Based Therapies in CBS/PSP

CRISPR Gene Editing in Neurodegeneration

CRISPRi Epigenetic Silencing of SNCA for Parkinson's Disease

CRISPR Gene Editing for Neurodegeneration

Section 241: Advanced Gene Therapy and CRISPR Approaches in CBS/PSP

CRISPR and Genome Editing Brain Delivery

Epigenetic Editing and CRISPR Approaches in CBS/PSP

CRISPR Gene Editing for Neurodegenerative Diseases

CASPR2 Encephalitis

CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for Neurodegenerative Diseases

CRISPR Gene Correction Approaches for CBS/PSP

SPR Gene

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Therapy for Neurodegeneration

PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS)

CRISPR Therapeutics

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (148)

Incoming (101)

Targeting Hypotheses (19)

Mentioning Analyses (4)

What molecular mechanisms explain how KCNJ2 inhibition mitigates TBI-induced neu

How can CRISPR systems achieve persistent therapeutic effects while avoiding chr

CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases

CRISPR-based therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases

Experiments (8)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (4)

The debate highlighted that long-term CRISPR expression triggers immune response

The study identifies KCNJ2 as a therapeutic target through CRISPR screening but

Evaluate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and related gene editing technologies for

Evaluate the potential of CRISPR/Cas9 and related gene editing technologies for

Related Research

Acid-Degradable LNP-Mediated Prenatal CRISPR Intervention for Severe Neurodevelo

Programmable Neuronal Circuit Repair via Epigenetic CRISPR

Multi-Modal CRISPR Platform for Simultaneous Editing and Monitoring

Cholesterol-CRISPR Convergence Therapy for Neurodegeneration

Trinucleotide Repeat Sequestration via CRISPR-Guided RNA Targeting

Basal forebrain NGF/TrkA trophic failure is an upstream trigger that makes choli

Metabolic Reprogramming via Coordinated Multi-Gene CRISPR Circuits

Blocking Astrocyte-Mediated Tau Re-Spreading via Cx43 Hemichannel Inhibition

TFEB Activation Clears Tau-Loaded Endolysosomal Compartments, Preventing Release

Epigenetic Memory Reprogramming via CRISPRa-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling

Restoring AQP4 Astrocyte Polarization Enhances Glymphatic Tau Clearance and Limi

Conditional CRISPR Kill Switches for Aberrant Protein Clearance

TREM2-Mediated Microglial Metabolic Reprogramming Accelerates Tau Pathological S

G3BP1-TDP-43 Cross-Seeding Drives Co-Aggregation That Prion-Spreads Across Neura