gene

CTS

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about CTS: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

33Connections

23Hypotheses

0Analyses

26Outgoing

7Incoming

1Experiments

0Debates

Summary

Page for CTS Gene - Cathepsin S

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	CTS
Aliases	Page for CTS Gene
Chromosome	1q21.3
Protein Family	Papain family cysteine proteases
Protein Type	Enzyme
Function	Cathepsins and their role in immune system homeostasis.
Primary Expression	professional antigen-presenting cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells)
Molecular Weight	24 kDa
Amino Acids	331 aa
Pathways	Immune Response
UniProt ID	P25774
NCBI Gene ID	1520
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000163131
OMIM	600845
GeneCards	CTS
Human Protein Atlas	CTS
Associated Diseases	neurodegeneration
Interactions	CD8
KG Connections	33 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🔮 Predicted Structure: CTS — AlphaFold P25774 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    N0["CTS"]
    N1["Neuropathy"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N1
    N2["Ms"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N2
    N3["OVERVIEW"]
    N0 -->|"expressed in"| N3
    N4["JAK2"]
    N0 -->|"regulates"| N4
    N5["SPR"]
    N0 -->|"associated with"| N5
    N6["CD8"]
    N0 -->|"inhibits"| N6
    N7["Immune Response"]
    N0 -->|"regulates"| N7
    N8["STAT3"]
    N8 -->|"regulates"| N0
    N9["neurodegeneration"]
    N0 -->|"implicated in"| N9

    classDef gene fill:#1a3a2a,stroke:#4caf50,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef protein fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#4fc3f7,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef disease fill:#3a1a1a,stroke:#ef5350,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef pathway fill:#2a1a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef mechanism fill:#2a2a1a,stroke:#ffd54f,color:#e0e0e0
    class N1 disease
    class N2 disease
    class N3 gene
    class N4 gene
    class N5 gene
    class N6 gene
    class N7 pathway
    class N8 gene

Outgoing (26)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Neuropathy	expressed_in	disease	0.65
Ms	expressed_in	disease	0.65
OVERVIEW	expressed_in	gene	0.60
CTSD	associated_with	gene	0.60
RNA	associated_with	gene	0.60
GAPDH	regulates	gene	0.60
GATA3	regulates	gene	0.60
GLB1	regulates	gene	0.60
IL1RL1	regulates	gene	0.60
IL4	regulates	gene	0.60
IL7R	regulates	gene	0.60
LC3	regulates	gene	0.60
LDH	regulates	gene	0.60
PECAM1	regulates	gene	0.60
RORC	regulates	gene	0.60
SQSTM1	regulates	gene	0.60
TNF	regulates	gene	0.60
VIM	regulates	gene	0.60
Immune Response	regulates	pathway	0.60
MAP1LC3	regulates	gene	0.60
autophagy pathway	participates_in	pathway	0.60
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.60
endothelial cells	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
JAK2	regulates	gene	0.60
SPR	associated_with	gene	0.60
CD8	inhibits	gene	0.60

Incoming (7)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
ANXA5	regulates	gene	0.60
STAT3	regulates	gene	0.60
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.60
ACTB	regulates	gene	0.60
BECN1	regulates	gene	0.60
CD31	regulates	gene	0.60
CKB	regulates	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (23)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
H3: SIRT1 Insufficiency Disconnects Metabolic Sensing from E	0.770	neurodegeneration	Investigate mechanisms of epigenetic rep
VHH-Fc Fusion Constructs with Separate BBB-Targeting Moiety	0.750	neurodegeneration	Blood-brain barrier antibody transport m
Kinetic Modeling Predicts Threshold-Dependent Efficacy—Early	0.740	protein folding	Can chaperone enhancement approaches ove
Endosomal trafficking defects are the common upstream lesion	0.730	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
TREM2-Dependent Switch Hypothesis: TREM2 Agonism Redirects S	0.708	synaptic biology	Does SPP1-mediated synaptic engulfment r

TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Sel	0.636	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular determin
Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation	0.630	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion Defects as Primary Driver of α	0.630	neurodegeneration	Gap 006 analysis (archived stub)
Direct ISR target engagement likely requires trazodone doses	0.590	neurodegeneration	-
CSF p-tau217 Normalization Reflects Amyloid-Driven Tau Patho	0.586	neurodegeneration	-
CD36 Acts as Primary Aβ Oligomer Sensor on Perivascular Macr	0.535	neurodegeneration	How do perivascular cells specifically r
Co-translational mRNA localization as a sensor for RNA granu	0.520	neuroscience	How can subcellular compartmentalization
HDAC1/2 Complex Restoration Corrects Age-Related Histone Hyp	0.520	neurodegeneration	Investigate mechanisms of epigenetic rep
CSF p-tau217 Threshold of <0.15 pg/mL Predicts Durable Clini	0.512	neurodegeneration	-
Synergistic reduction of amyloid-tau interaction through sec	0.500	neurodegeneration	Does the cancer-cystatin-C-TREM2 pathway
Neurogranulin Predicts p-tau217 Reliability by Identifying P	0.498	neurodegeneration	-
APOE4-associated inflammatory signaling amplifies SREBP2 act	0.470	molecular biology	Does APOE4's reduced lipid-binding direc
BIN1-dependent trafficking defects determine whether post-Aβ	0.460	neurodegeneration	Does tau dendritic missorting persist in
Sonic hedgehog pathway compartmentalization as quantitative	0.460	neuroscience	How can subcellular compartmentalization
DNMT3A-Mediated de novo Methylation Corrects 'Epigenetic Sca	0.460	neurodegeneration	Investigate mechanisms of epigenetic rep
MITF Acts as the Primary Transcriptional Effector Downstream	0.444	neurodegeneration	How does HDAC1/2 deletion specifically e
P2X7/P2Y12 Purinergic Signaling Connects Aβ Aggregation to S	0.423	neurodegeneration	How do perivascular cells specifically r
C1q Binding Reflects Broader Kinase Inhibitor Promiscuity Ra	0.124	molecular biology	Does Alectinib truly bind C1q directly w

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (1)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Mobile App-Based Intervention for BPSD in Community-Dwelling Dementia	clinical	dementia with behavioral and p	0.950	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (0)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
No papers found

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning CTS in their description or question text

TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Selection Filter

Score: 0.636 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview TREM2-Dependent Microglial Phagocytosis Acts as a Strain Selection Filter starts from the claim

Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation → Microglial Primin

Score: 0.630 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview Intestinal Permeability Defects → Systemic LPS Translocation → Microglial Priming starts from th

Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion Defects as Primary Driver of α-Synuclein Propagati

Score: 0.630 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The autophagosome-lysosome fusion process represents a critical checkpoint in

CD36 Acts as Primary Aβ Oligomer Sensor on Perivascular Macrophages, Triggering

Score: 0.535 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview CD36 Acts as Primary Aβ Oligomer Sensor on Perivascular Macrophages, Triggering NF-κB-Dependent

Co-translational mRNA localization as a sensor for RNA granule trafficking defec

Score: 0.520 · neuroscience · 2026-04-26

Local protein synthesis at synaptic compartments requires intact mRNA granule transport via ZBP1 and TDP-43 in granules.

HDAC1/2 Complex Restoration Corrects Age-Related Histone Hypoacetylation

Score: 0.520 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview HDAC1/2 Complex Restoration Corrects Age-Related Histone Hypoacetylation starts from the claim t

Synergistic reduction of amyloid-tau interaction through secondary effects

Score: 0.500 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Cancer/cystatin-C-mediated amyloid reduction decreases amyloid-nucleated tau pathology through reduced BACE1 activity an

APOE4-associated inflammatory signaling amplifies SREBP2 activity in glia indepe

Score: 0.470 · molecular biology · 2026-04-24

A modifier model is that APOE4 reactive-state signaling, potentially through NF-kB or mTORC1-linked programs, increases

BIN1-dependent trafficking defects determine whether post-Aβ tau missorting reso

Score: 0.460 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Aβ initially perturbs tau localization, but persistence depends on BIN1-regulated membrane and endocytic trafficking tha

Sonic hedgehog pathway compartmentalization as quantitative biomarker for neuron

Score: 0.460 · neuroscience · 2026-04-26

FRET-based cAMP sensors (Epac1-camps) targeted to primary cilium (ARL13B anchor) and synaptic compartment (PSD95 anchor)

DNMT3A-Mediated de novo Methylation Corrects 'Epigenetic Scars' at Polycomb Targ

Score: 0.460 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview DNMT3A-Mediated de novo Methylation Corrects 'Epigenetic Scars' at Polycomb Targets starts from

CTS

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

CTS Gene - Cathepsin S

CTSD Gene - Cathepsin D

CTSD — Cathepsin D

CTSB Gene

CTSW (Cathepsin W)

CTSD (Cathepsin D)

Cathepsin L (CTSL) Protein

CTSS — Cathepsin S

Cathepsin D (CTSD)

Cathepsin A Protein (CTSA)

CTSK — Cathepsin K

CTSE — Cathepsin E

CTSL Gene

NIH CTSA PSP Biospecimen Repository (NCT05067192)

CTSF Protein (Cathepsin F)

CTSF Gene (CLN10)

Cathepsin B Protein (CTSB)