HSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex Enhancement

Target: HSP90AA1 Composite Score: 0.575 Price: $0.80▲90.5% Citation Quality: Pending Alzheimer's Disease Status: archived
☰ Compare⚔ Duel⚛ Collideinteract with this hypothesis
📄 Export → LaTeX
Select venue
arXiv Preprint NeurIPS Nature Methods PLOS ONE
🌐 Open in Overleaf →
📖 Export BibTeX
🟡 ALS / Motor Neuron Disease 🔴 Alzheimer's Disease 🔮 Lysosomal / Autophagy 🔥 Neuroinflammation 🟢 Parkinson's Disease 🧠 Neurodegeneration
✓ All Quality Gates Passed
Evidence Strength Pending (0%)
29
Citations
2
Debates
20
Supporting
9
Opposing
Quality Report Card click to collapse
C+
Composite: 0.575
Top 51% of 1875 hypotheses
T1 Established
Multi-source converged and validated
T0 Axiom requires manual override only
B+ Mech. Plausibility 15% 0.70 Top 35%
C+ Evidence Strength 15% 0.53 Top 53%
D Novelty 12% 0.35 Top 97%
C+ Feasibility 12% 0.50 Top 65%
C+ Impact 12% 0.54 Top 82%
B Druggability 10% 0.60 Top 42%
B+ Safety Profile 8% 0.70 Top 22%
C+ Competition 6% 0.53 Top 74%
B+ Data Availability 5% 0.73 Top 30%
D Reproducibility 5% 0.25 Top 94%
Evidence
20 supporting | 9 opposing
Citation quality: 100%
Debates
2 sessions A+
Avg quality: 0.93
Convergence
0.56 C+ 4 related hypothesis share this target

From Analysis:

Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeutic interception points

Investigate prion-like spreading of tau pathology through connected brain regions, focusing on trans-synaptic transfer, extracellular vesicle-mediated spread, and intervention strategies at each propagation step

→ View full analysis & debate transcript

Description

Molecular Mechanism and Rationale

The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) chaperone system represents a critical cellular machinery for protein folding, stability, and quality control. HSP90AA1, the inducible cytoplasmic isoform of HSP90, exhibits distinct conformational states that can be allosterically modulated to enhance specific client protein interactions. In the context of tau pathology, HSP90 demonstrates intrinsic disaggregation activity toward tau aggregates through a complex mechanism involving ATP-dependent conformational cycling and co-chaperone recruitment.

...

No AI visual card yet

Curated Mechanism Pathway

Curated pathway diagram from expert analysis

graph TD
    subgraph "Tau Pathology"
        A["Tau Aggregates"]
        B["Misfolded Tau"]
    end
    
    subgraph "HSP90 System"
        C["HSP90AA1"]
        D["ATP Binding Domain"]
        E["Allosteric Binding Pocket"]
        F["Co-chaperones"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Therapeutic Intervention"
        G["Allosteric Modulators"]
        H["Enhanced Conformation"]
        I["ATP-dependent Cycling"]
    end
    
    subgraph "Cellular Outcomes"
        J["Disaggregation Complex"]
        K["Tau Clearance"]
        L["Protein Quality Control"]
        M["Neuronal Protection"]
    end
    
    N["Conformational States"]
    O["Client Protein Interaction"]
    
    A -->|"accumulation"| B
    B -->|"targets"| C
    G -->|"binds to"| E
    E -->|"modulates"| C
    C -->|"contains"| D
    C -->|"recruits"| F
    G -->|"induces"| H
    H -->|"enables"| I
    C -->|"adopts"| N
    N -->|"enhances"| O
    F -->|"forms"| J
    I -->|"drives"| J
    J -->|"promotes"| K
    K -->|"improves"| L
    L -->|"leads to"| M
    
    style A fill:#ff9999
    style M fill:#99ff99
    style G fill:#9999ff

GTEx v10 Brain Expression

JSON

Median TPM across 13 brain regions for HSP90AA1 from GTEx v10.

Frontal Cortex BA9758 Cerebellar Hemisphere729 Spinal cord cervical c-1687 Hypothalamus667 Nucleus accumbens basal ganglia599 Substantia nigra597 Cerebellum580 Cortex573 Caudate basal ganglia529 Anterior cingulate cortex BA24524 Hippocampus486 Putamen basal ganglia418 Amygdala396median TPM (GTEx v10)

Dimension Scores

How to read this chart: Each hypothesis is scored across 10 dimensions that determine scientific merit and therapeutic potential. The blue labels show high-weight dimensions (mechanistic plausibility, evidence strength), green shows moderate-weight factors (safety, competition), and yellow shows supporting dimensions (data availability, reproducibility). Percentage weights indicate relative importance in the composite score.
Mechanistic 0.70 (15%) Evidence 0.53 (15%) Novelty 0.35 (12%) Feasibility 0.50 (12%) Impact 0.54 (12%) Druggability 0.60 (10%) Safety 0.70 (8%) Competition 0.53 (6%) Data Avail. 0.73 (5%) Reproducible 0.25 (5%) KG Connect 0.73 (8%) 0.575 composite
29 citations 29 with PMID 13 medium Validation: 100% 20 supporting / 9 opposing
For (20)
10
3
(9) Against
High Medium Low
High Medium Low
Evidence Matrix — sortable by strength/year, click Abstract to expand
Evidence Types
5
18
6
MECH 5CLIN 18GENE 6EPID 0
ClaimStanceCategorySourceStrength ↕Year ↕Quality ↕PMIDsAbstract
Explore the mechanism and substance basis of Mahua…SupportingCLINComput Biol Med MEDIUM20220.33PMID:36399857
Paeoniflorin protects against cisplatin-induced ac…SupportingCLINJ Ethnopharmaco… MEDIUM20230.33PMID:36972781
A novel MTORC2-AKT-ROS axis triggers mitofission a…SupportingCLINAutophagy MEDIUM20240.49PMID:38261660
Network pharmacology and molecular docking combine…SupportingCLINComput Biol Med MEDIUM20230.33PMID:37150086
Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy Combined with …SupportingCLINDrug Des Devel … MEDIUM20220.33PMID:35669282
α-Glucosidase inhibitor: identifying key targets a…SupportingMECH3 Biotech MEDIUM20260.33PMID:41907120
A Study on the Mechanism of Acetyl Tributyl Citrat…SupportingCLINInt J Mol Sci MEDIUM20260.44PMID:41898778
Chronic Thermal Stress During Early Zebrafish (Dan…SupportingGENEFish Physiol Bi… MEDIUM20260.45PMID:41793424
Elucidating the mechanisms of aristolochic acid-in…SupportingMECHComput Biol Che… MEDIUM20260.33PMID:41780445
Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate induces osteoporosis via …SupportingGENEEcotoxicol Envi… MEDIUM20260.33PMID:41740552
Investigating the clinical efficacy, safety and mo…OpposingCLINBMC Pharmacol T… MEDIUM20250.33PMID:41275316
The mechanism of probiotics in pregnancy outcomes …OpposingCLINBMC Pregnancy C… MEDIUM20250.33PMID:40859213
Gigantol: a principal bioactive constituent of Den…OpposingCLINJ Ethnopharmaco… MEDIUM20260.33PMID:40939944
Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal n…SupportingCLINMater Today Bio-20260.33PMID:41585438-
Exploring synergistic therapeutic potential of Erl…SupportingCLINClin Chim Acta-20260.33PMID:41672289-
Desidustat's cardioprotective mechanisms in h…SupportingMECHSci Rep-2026-PMID:41946767-
HSP90 interacts with tau and modulates its folding…SupportingCLINEMBO J 0.8520070.33PMID:17603933
HDAC6 inhibition deacetylates HSP90 and enhances t…SupportingGENEHum Mol Genet 0.7820150.33PMID:25387768-
Arimoclomol amplifies heat shock response and redu…SupportingCLINNat Med 0.8220190.60PMID:30700722
HSP90 co-chaperones FKBP51 and FKBP52 differential…SupportingMECHJ Neurosci 0.7620170.49PMID:28842493
Pharmacological activation of HSP90 ATPase activit…SupportingCLINActa Neuropatho… 0.8820190.33PMID:31562587
HSP90 complexes with BAG-1 and HSP70 form a coordi…SupportingGENECell Rep 0.912021-PMID:33645634-
Overexpression of HSP90AA1 in hippocampal neurons …SupportingCLINMol Neurodegene… 0.8420220.33PMID:35421184
HSP90 can paradoxically stabilize pathological tau…OpposingMECHJ Biol Chem 0.7320110.51PMID:21205894
Global chaperone upregulation may interfere with n…OpposingGENENature Reviews … 0.6820120.33PMID:22265429
HSP90 inhibition with 17-AAG paradoxically reduces…OpposingCLINAutophagy 0.7920180.59PMID:29456081
Chronic HSP90 overactivation leads to cellular str…OpposingGENECell Death Dis 0.7120200.60PMID:32198495-
HSP90-mediated tau disaggregation shows limited ef…OpposingCLINBrain Pathol 0.7520210.33PMID:34756405
PRMT5-Mediated Arginine Methylation of HSP90AA1 Dr…OpposingCLINCancer Lett MODERATE2026-PMID:41966513-
Legacy Card View — expandable citation cards

Supporting Evidence 20

HSP90 interacts with tau and modulates its folding, aggregation, and degradation 0.85
EMBO J · 2007 · PMID:17603933 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

This work provides a quantitative kinetic analysis of oxidative pathways involving linoleic acid and the common dietary antioxidant quercetin (flavonoid), both bound to human serum albumin (HSA). In particular, it is shown that quercetin, although embedded in drug site I, is oxidized as quickly as free quercetin under a flux of hydrophilic peroxyl radicals. This observation suggests that efficient charge relays are established between the periphery of HSA and bound quercetin. Moreover, the peroxidation of HSA-bound linoleic acid is shown to take place at some specific fatty acid binding sites once one to two critical HSA residues are themselves oxidized. Quercetin efficiently delays the onset of lipid peroxidation. The inhibition persists long after the total consumption of quercetin, in agreement with some quercetin oxidation products exerting a residual antioxidant activity. Consistently, HSA markedly increases the maximal concentration of a two-electron oxidation product of querceti

HDAC6 inhibition deacetylates HSP90 and enhances tau clearance through improved chaperone function 0.78
Hum Mol Genet · 2015 · PMID:25387768 · Q:0.33
Arimoclomol amplifies heat shock response and reduces protein aggregation in neurodegeneration models 0.82
Nat Med · 2019 · PMID:30700722 · Q:0.60
ABSTRACT

There is an urgent need to develop the next-generation vectors for gene therapy of muscle disorders, given the relatively modest advances in clinical trials. These vectors should express substantially higher levels of the therapeutic transgene, enabling the use of lower and safer vector doses. In the current study, we identify potent muscle-specific transcriptional cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), containing clusters of transcription factor binding sites, using a genome-wide data-mining strategy. These novel muscle-specific CRMs result in a substantial increase in muscle-specific gene transcription (up to 400-fold) when delivered using adeno-associated viral vectors in mice. Significantly higher and sustained human micro-dystrophin and follistatin expression levels are attained than when conventional promoters are used. This results in robust phenotypic correction in dystrophic mice, without triggering apoptosis or evoking an immune response. This multidisciplinary approach has potential

HSP90 co-chaperones FKBP51 and FKBP52 differentially regulate tau aggregation, with FKBP52 promoting disaggreg… 0.76
HSP90 co-chaperones FKBP51 and FKBP52 differentially regulate tau aggregation, with FKBP52 promoting disaggregation of preformed tau fibrils in vitro
J Neurosci · 2017 · PMID:28842493 · Q:0.49
ABSTRACT

Mitochondrial production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide is potentially important in cell signaling and disease. Eleven distinct mitochondrial sites that differ markedly in capacity are known to leak electrons to oxygen to produce O2̇̄ and/or H2O2 We discuss their contributions to O2̇̄/H2O2 production under native conditions in mitochondria oxidizing different substrates and in conditions mimicking physical exercise and the changes in their capacities after caloric restriction. We review the use of S1QELs and S3QELs, suppressors of mitochondrial O2̇̄/H2O2 generation that do not inhibit oxidative phosphorylation, as tools to characterize the contributions of specific sites in situ and in vivo.

Pharmacological activation of HSP90 ATPase activity with celastrol reduces tau pathology and improves cognitiv… 0.88
Pharmacological activation of HSP90 ATPase activity with celastrol reduces tau pathology and improves cognitive function in P301S transgenic mice
Acta Neuropathol · 2019 · PMID:31562587 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

Accurate forecasting is required to measure future national energy performance levels in order to establish clear policies for both monitoring and reducing Nitrous Oxide and other harmful emissions. Using the well-established and accepted measures, we predict the Nitrous Oxide emissions for the year 2030 based on actual data from the years 2000 to 2016 for six countries responsible for 61% of global emissions (China, Indonesia, India, Japan, Russia and the USA). Three advanced mathematical grey predictions models were employed, namely the Even Grey Model (1, 1), the Discrete Grey Model (1, 1) and the Non-homogeneous Discrete Grey Model, which is capable of working with poor or limited data. Results showed that the Non-homogeneous Discrete Grey Model was a better fit and proved more effective in forecasting Nitrous Oxide emissions because it produced the lowest mean absolute percentage error for all countries when compared to the Even Grey Model (1, 1) and the Discrete Grey Model (1, 1)

HSP90 complexes with BAG-1 and HSP70 form a coordinated disaggregase machinery that effectively solubilizes ta… 0.91
HSP90 complexes with BAG-1 and HSP70 form a coordinated disaggregase machinery that effectively solubilizes tau oligomers and prevents seeding activity
Cell Rep · 2021 · PMID:33645634
Overexpression of HSP90AA1 in hippocampal neurons reduces tau hyperphosphorylation and restores synaptic plast… 0.84
Overexpression of HSP90AA1 in hippocampal neurons reduces tau hyperphosphorylation and restores synaptic plasticity deficits in Alzheimer's disease models
Mol Neurodegener · 2022 · PMID:35421184 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

The lack of data outsourcing in healthcare management systems slows down the intercommunication and information sharing between different entities. A standard solution is outsourcing the electronic health record (EHR) to a cloud service provider (CSP). The outsourcing of the EHR should be performed securely without compromising the CSP functionalities. Searchable encryption would be a viable approach to ensure the confidentiality of the data without compromising searchability and accessibility. However, most existing searchable encryption solutions use centralised architecture. These systems have trust issues as not all the CSPs are fully trusted or honest. To address these problems, we explore blockchain technology with smart contract applications to construct a decentralised system with auditable yet immutable data storage and access. First, we propose a blockchain-based searchable encryption scheme for EHR storage and updates in a decentralised fashion. The proposed scheme supports

Explore the mechanism and substance basis of Mahuang FuziXixin Decoction for the treatment of lung cancer base… MEDIUM
Explore the mechanism and substance basis of Mahuang FuziXixin Decoction for the treatment of lung cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.
Comput Biol Med · 2022 · PMID:36399857 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mahuang FuziXixin Decoction (MFXD) is a classic Chinese herbal formula for the treatment of lung cancer. However, its mechanisms of action are unclear. In present study, network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism and substance basis of MFXD for the treatment of lung cancer. METHOD: The active compounds and corresponding targets of MFXD were collected through the TCMSP database. OMIM and GeneCards databases were applied to filter the targets of lung cancer. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) were acquired through the STRING platform. Metascape and the Bioinformatics server were used for the visualization of GO and KEGG analysis. The tissue and organ distribution of targets was evaluated based on the BioGPS database. The binding affinity between potential targets and active compounds was evaluated by molecular docking. RESULT: A total of 51 active compounds and 118 targets of MFXD were collected. The target wi

Paeoniflorin protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through targeting Hsp90AA1-Akt protein-pro… MEDIUM
Paeoniflorin protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through targeting Hsp90AA1-Akt protein-protein interaction.
J Ethnopharmacol · 2023 · PMID:36972781 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paeonia lactiflora Pall has been used in Chinese Medicine for thousands of years, especially having anti-inflammatory, sedative, analgesic and other ethnic pharmacological effects. Moreover, Paeoniflorin is the main active ingredient of the Paeonia lactiflora Pall, and most are used in the treatment of inflammation-related autoimmune diseases. In recent years, studies have found that Paeoniflorin has a therapeutic effect on a variety of kidney diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: Cisplatin (CIS) is limited in clinical use due to its serious side effects, such as renal toxicity, and there is no effective method for prevention. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is a natural polyphenol which has a protective effect against many kidney diseases. Therefore, our study is to explore the effect of Pae on CIS-induced AKI and the specific mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Firstly, CIS induced acute renal injury model was constructed in vivo and in vitro, and Pae was continuously injected

A novel MTORC2-AKT-ROS axis triggers mitofission and mitophagy-associated execution of colorectal cancer cells… MEDIUM
A novel MTORC2-AKT-ROS axis triggers mitofission and mitophagy-associated execution of colorectal cancer cells upon drug-induced activation of mutant KRAS.
Autophagy · 2024 · PMID:38261660 · Q:0.49
ABSTRACT

RAS is one of the most commonly mutated oncogenes associated with multiple cancer hallmarks. Notably, RAS activation induces intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which we previously demonstrated as a trigger for autophagy-associated execution of mutant KRAS-expressing cancer cells. Here we report that drug (merodantoin; C1)-induced activation of mutant KRAS promotes phospho-AKT S473-dependent ROS-mediated S616 phosphorylation and mitochondrial localization of DNM1L/DRP1 (dynamin 1 like) and cleavage of the fusion-associated protein OPA1 (OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase). Interestingly, accumulation of the outer mitochondrial membrane protein VDAC1 (voltage dependent anion channel 1) is observed in mutant KRAS-expressing cells upon exposure to C1. Conversely, silencing VDAC1 abolishes C1-induced mitophagy, and gene knockdown of either KRAS, AKT or DNM1L rescues ROS-dependent VDAC1 accumulation and stability, thus suggesting an axis of mutant active KRAS-phospho

Network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with widely targeted metabolomics to elucidate the potenti… MEDIUM
Network pharmacology and molecular docking combined with widely targeted metabolomics to elucidate the potential compounds and targets of Euphorbia helioscopia seeds for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Comput Biol Med · 2023 · PMID:37150086 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The whole herb of Euphorbia helioscopia has been traditionally used for treating pulmonary tuberculosis, malaria, warts, lung cancer and bacillary dysentery for a long time in China. However, E. helioscopia seeds are often discarded and its medicinal value is often ignored, resulting in a waste of resources. METHOD: In this work, widely targeted metabolomics based on UPLC-ESI-QTRAP-MS/MS methods and metware database (MWDB) were firstly used to identify the chemical compositions of EHS. Besides, network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed for elucidating the potential compounds and targets of E. helioscopia seeds for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis via common database (like TCMSP, Genecards, DAVID, STRING) and common software (like Sybyl, Cytoscape, Pymol and Schrödinger). RESULT: The results of widely targeted metabolomics showed 231 compounds including 12 categories were identified. The highest content compositions are lipid

Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy Combined with Molecular Docking and in vitro Validation Study to Explore t… MEDIUM
Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy Combined with Molecular Docking and in vitro Validation Study to Explore the Underlying Mechanism of Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan in Treating Atherosclerosis.
Drug Des Devel Ther · 2022 · PMID:35669282 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan (HLXLD), a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) classical formula, possesses anti-atherosclerosis (AS) activity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. AIM: The network pharmacology approach, molecular docking strategy, and in vitro validation experiment were performed to explore the potential active compounds, key targets, main signaling pathways, and underlying molecular mechanisms of HLXLD in treating AS. METHODS: Several public databases were used to search for active components and targets of HLXLD, as well as AS-related targets. Crucial bioactive ingredients, potential targets, and signaling pathways were acquired through bioinformatics analysis. Subsequently, the molecular docking strategy and molecular dynamics simulation were carried out to predict the affinity and stability of active compounds and key targets. In vitro cell experiment was performed to verify the findings from bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: A tota

α-Glucosidase inhibitor: identifying key targets and mechanisms in type 2 diabetes. MEDIUM
3 Biotech · 2026 · PMID:41907120 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Acarbose is an α-glucosidase inhibitor that helps lower blood sugar after meals by stopping complex carbohydrates from turning into simple sugars; however, its role other than α-glucosidase inhibition is not yet fully understood. In this study, we used bioinformatics to explore the molecular targets and mechanisms of acarbose in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We found one hundred and twenty-seven shared targets between proteins linked to acarbose and genes related to T2D. Analysis showed these targets are mainly involved in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, PI3K/Akt pathway, and inflammation. Network analysis highlighted 10 important genes: AKT1, ALB, EGFR, ESR1, GSK3B, HSP90AA1, PPARG, STAT3, SRC, and TNF. Expression profiling showed these genes have different patterns in various tissues from diabetic samples. Molecular docking results indicated a binding affinity of acarbose with the key proteins, with EGFR showing the lowest binding energy of - 7.8 kcal/mol. Molecular dynam

A Study on the Mechanism of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate-Induced Infertility Toxicity and the Protective Action of … MEDIUM
A Study on the Mechanism of Acetyl Tributyl Citrate-Induced Infertility Toxicity and the Protective Action of Icariin Based on Network Toxicology, Network Pharmacology, Molecular-Docking Technology and Molecular Dynamics Simulation.
Int J Mol Sci · 2026 · PMID:41898778 · Q:0.44
ABSTRACT

Infertility is a prevalent clinical issue which disrupts normal human life and exerts an impact on fertility rates within the population. The increase in environmental pollutants, including acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), has given rise to concerns regarding their potential toxicity in infertility-related disorders. Icariin exhibits therapeutic effects on infertility, yet its mechanism of action against plasticiser-induced reproductive disorders remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the potential toxicological targets and molecular mechanisms of ATBC-induced infertility, as well as the therapeutic targets and mechanisms of icariin in treating ATBC-induced reproductive disorders, through network toxicology, molecular-docking techniques and molecular dynamics simulation. Utilising the component-target database SwissTargetPrediction, the Similarity Ensemble Approach, PharmMapper, the ChEMBL database, and disease databases including the Therapeutic Target Database, OMIM, GeneCards,

Chronic Thermal Stress During Early Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Development Induces Morphological, Molecular, and … MEDIUM
Chronic Thermal Stress During Early Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Development Induces Morphological, Molecular, and Liver Histopathological Changes.
Fish Physiol Biochem · 2026 · PMID:41793424 · Q:0.45
ABSTRACT

Temperature is a critical abiotic factor mediating the physiological fitness of fish. While the impact of acute high-temperature exposure is well documented in teleost fishes, the effects of chronic thermal stress, especially during early stages, remain poorly understood. This study examined the effects of prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures (34 ºC) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) development, survival, molecular responses and liver histology during pre-independent (24-120 h post fertilisation [hpf]) and independently feeding (240-480 hpf) stages. While survival was not affected by elevated temperature, normal development was significantly impaired in both stages. Compared to control conditions (28 °C), heat exposure (34 ºC) increased the incidence of deformities, including spinal and yolk sac abnormalities during the pre-independent feeding stage, and spinal and growth-related deformities during independent feeding. Heat-induced changes in gene expression were most evident during i

Elucidating the mechanisms of aristolochic acid-induced upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A multi-omics approa… MEDIUM
Elucidating the mechanisms of aristolochic acid-induced upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A multi-omics approach combining bioinformatics and computational modeling.
Comput Biol Chem · 2026 · PMID:41780445 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are established human carcinogens strongly associated with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the multi-target oncogenic network beyond their genotoxic mechanism remains incompletely elucidated. This study employed an integrated computational approach combining network toxicology, machine learning, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to systematically explore the potential molecular mechanisms of AA-induced UTUC. We identified 97 shared potential targets of AAs and UTUC. Enrichment analyses revealed their significant involvement in lipid metabolism, xenobiotic detoxification, and cancer-related pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling. Topological analysis of the protein-protein interaction network and a nested cross-validation machine learning model highlighted five core genes: CASP3, EGFR, PARP1, PTGS2, and HSP90AA1. Molecular docking predicted high binding affinities of AA with these core targets, particularly for PTGS2 (-9.3

Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate induces osteoporosis via the AKT1/LC3B/Beclin1 autophagy signaling pathway: Integrati… MEDIUM
Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate induces osteoporosis via the AKT1/LC3B/Beclin1 autophagy signaling pathway: Integrating network toxicology and experimental validation.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf · 2026 · PMID:41740552 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: As public awareness of environmental issues grows and research on ecological pollutants advances, mounting evidence indicates that Methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (MEP) is associated with the development of various diseases. This study aims to uncover the key genes and underlying molecular mechanisms by which MEP influences osteoporosis (OP). METHODS: This study integrates network toxicology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Potential targets of the environmental contaminant were identified using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). In contrast, osteoporosis-related targets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), GeneCards, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) databases. The intersection between MEP and OP targets was subsequently analyzed using PPI networks and functional enrichment analyses to identify core targets and pathways. For experimental validation, Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MEP via gavage for

Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal nanocarriers loaded with silibinin suppress gastric cancer pr…
Biomimetic cancer cell membrane-coated liposomal nanocarriers loaded with silibinin suppress gastric cancer progression via SNHG1/miR-383-5p/HSP90AA1 axis-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway inhibition.
Mater Today Bio · 2026 · PMID:41585438 · Q:0.33
Exploring synergistic therapeutic potential of Erlotinib and artemisinin in non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC)…
Exploring synergistic therapeutic potential of Erlotinib and artemisinin in non-small cell lung Cancer (NSCLC) using pharmacological networking and mathematical modeling.
Clin Chim Acta · 2026 · PMID:41672289 · Q:0.33
Desidustat's cardioprotective mechanisms in heart failure: a network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynam…
Desidustat's cardioprotective mechanisms in heart failure: a network pharmacology, molecular docking and dynamics approach.
Sci Rep · 2026 · PMID:41946767

Opposing Evidence 9

HSP90 can paradoxically stabilize pathological tau conformers, making modulation effects unpredictable 0.73
J Biol Chem · 2011 · PMID:21205894 · Q:0.51
ABSTRACT

IL-25 (IL-17E) is a T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine best described as a potentiator of Th2 memory responses. Reports of expression of its receptor, IL-25R, on airways structural cells suggest a wider role for IL-25 in remodeling. We hypothesized that IL-25 stimulates local angiogenesis in the asthmatic bronchial mucosa. Immunoreactive IL-25(+), IL-25R(+), and CD31(+) (endothelial) cells in sections of bronchial biopsies from asthmatics and controls were detected by immunohistochemistry. The effect of IL-25 on angiogenesis was examined using an in vitro assay. Real-time PCR was used to detect expression of IL-25R and VEGF mRNA in cultured human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC), and a cell proliferation kit (WST-8) was used to measure the effect of IL-25 on HUVEC proliferation. Immunostaining showed that IL-25(+), IL-25R(+), and CD31(+)/IL-25R(+) cells were significantly elevated in the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics compared with controls (P < 0.003). In asthmatics, the numbers of

Global chaperone upregulation may interfere with normal protein homeostasis and oncogenic client stabilization 0.68
Nature Reviews Cancer · 2012 · PMID:22265429 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

Feinberg (2012) [8] suggests that science so far cannot "reduce critical features of consciousness to neural processes." But this poses an unrealistic standard. If science required full reductive explanations, neither Newton nor Darwin would be remembered today, since neither gave a reductive account of gravity or heredity. Indeed, we do not have such full reductions today. Useful theories, like Darwin's, are often not reductionistic to biological cells like neurons, though they can offer explanations of basic puzzles. Even theoretical physics cannot explain mountain avalanches and oak trees at the level of fundamental particles. Yet physics is a widely admired model of scientific theory. Judging by more modest historical standards we are making steady progress on Feinberg's four basic questions.

HSP90 inhibition with 17-AAG paradoxically reduces tau aggregation more effectively than HSP90 activation, sug… 0.79
HSP90 inhibition with 17-AAG paradoxically reduces tau aggregation more effectively than HSP90 activation, suggesting complex dose-dependent effects
Autophagy · 2018 · PMID:29456081 · Q:0.59
ABSTRACT

β-lactam antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall assembly and, under classical microbiological culture conditions that are generally hypotonic, induce explosive cell death. Here, we show that under more physiological, osmoprotective conditions, for various Gram-positive bacteria, lysis is delayed or abolished, apparently because inhibition of class A penicillin-binding protein leads to a block in autolytic activity. Although these cells still then die by other mechanisms, exogenous lytic enzymes, such as lysozyme, can rescue viability by enabling the escape of cell wall-deficient "L-form" bacteria. This protective L-form conversion was also observed in macrophages and in an animal model, presumably due to the production of host lytic activities, including lysozyme. Our results demonstrate the potential for L-form switching in the host environment and highlight the unexpected effects of innate immune effectors, such as lysozyme, on antibiotic activity. Unlike previously described dorman

Chronic HSP90 overactivation leads to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cortical neuron… 0.71
Chronic HSP90 overactivation leads to cellular stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in primary cortical neurons, potentially exacerbating neurodegeneration
Cell Death Dis · 2020 · PMID:32198495 · Q:0.60
HSP90-mediated tau disaggregation shows limited efficacy against mature neurofibrillary tangles and may only a… 0.75
HSP90-mediated tau disaggregation shows limited efficacy against mature neurofibrillary tangles and may only affect early-stage tau aggregates in post-mortem brain tissue
Brain Pathol · 2021 · PMID:34756405 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy associated with proteinuria detected by 24-hour urine collection (≥0.3 g/24 h) or protein/creatinine ratio (≥30 mg/mmol). The albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) is used outside pregnancy to detect abnormal amounts of albumin in the urine, but there is little data on its value in pregnancy. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic threshold for ACR to detect significant proteinuria in women investigated for preeclampsia. METHODS: A prospective observational study involving 99 hypertensive women (≥140/90 mm Hg) over 20 weeks gestation who were hospitalized at 2 Canadian tertiary centres. A 24-hour urine collection and a morning urine sample were collected. The optimal ACR threshold was determined by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using the 24-hour collection as the reference test; sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed. Maternal and perinatal characteristics were extracted from medical records.

Investigating the clinical efficacy, safety and molecular mechanism of sulforaphane in autism spectrum disorde… MEDIUM
Investigating the clinical efficacy, safety and molecular mechanism of sulforaphane in autism spectrum disorder: an integrated study combining meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and computational biology.
BMC Pharmacol Toxicol · 2025 · PMID:41275316 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Sulforaphane, a natural antioxidant rich in cruciferous vegetables, has emerged as a promising dietary supplement for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, its therapeutic efficacy remains controversial, and the pharmacological mechanisms are not fully elucidated. METHODS: Eligible randomized controlled trials were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Review Manager 5.4 was used for meta-analysis and bias risk assessment. Network pharmacology, Mendelian randomization, GEO data analyses, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were employed to explore the mechanisms of sulforaphane in ASD. RESULTS: Six trials involving 333 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results demonstrated that both 4-5 weeks and 8-10 weeks of sulforaphane supplementation significantly decreased the scores on the Social Responsiveness Scale compared to placebo controls. No significant difference was observed in the incidence

The mechanism of probiotics in pregnancy outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women based on meta-analysis… MEDIUM
The mechanism of probiotics in pregnancy outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women based on meta-analysis, network pharmacology and molecular docking.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth · 2025 · PMID:40859213 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity among women of reproductive age is increasing worldwide. Obesity significantly increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The effectiveness of probiotics in improving the pregnancy outcomes of overweight or obese pregnant women is still controversial. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles up to May 30, 2025. Revman 5.4 was used for the meta-analysis. In network pharmacology, the gutMGene database was used to obtain the bioactive components of probiotics, and the SwissTargetPrediction platform was used to predict the targets of the active components. The related targets of diseases were obtained through OMIM and GeneCards databases and the bioactive compound-target network was constructed. AutoDockTools software was used for molecular docking verification. RESULTS: Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 1563 participants were included in the meta-analysis.The results sho

Gigantol: a principal bioactive constituent of Dendrobium species-multi-target mechanisms, network pharmacolog… MEDIUM
Gigantol: a principal bioactive constituent of Dendrobium species-multi-target mechanisms, network pharmacology, and therapeutic perspectives.
J Ethnopharmacol · 2026 · PMID:40939944 · Q:0.33
ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gigantol, a naturally occurring bibenzyl compound isolated mainly from Dendrobium species, is traditionally used in Chinese and Southeast Asian medicine to nourish Yin, reduce internal heat, and treat inflammation-related diseases. Its broad pharmacological activities support its traditional applications and highlight its potential as a therapeutic agent. AIM OF THE STUDY: This review compiles existing evidence regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, pharmacokinetics, and molecular mechanisms of gigantol, while highlighting critical research gaps and future development directions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An extensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases until June 2025. Data on gigantol extraction, pharmacological activities, in vitro and in vivo studies, molecular docking, network pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Gigantol exhibi

PRMT5-Mediated Arginine Methylation of HSP90AA1 Drives Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression MODERATE
Cancer Lett · 2026 · PMID:41966513
Multi-persona evaluation: This hypothesis was debated by AI agents with complementary expertise. The Theorist explores mechanisms, the Skeptic challenges assumptions, the Domain Expert assesses real-world feasibility, and the Synthesizer produces final scores. Expand each card to see their arguments.
Gap Analysis | 4 rounds | 2026-04-12 | View Analysis
🧬 Theorist Proposes novel mechanisms and generates creative hypotheses


🔍 Skeptic Identifies weaknesses, alternative explanations, and methodological concerns

Skeptic's Critical Evaluation Framework

Acknowlegment of Role

I'm ready to evaluate the hypotheses. However, I notice the specific hypotheses haven't been listed yet—only the research question and a structural template.

I'll proceed on the assumption the hypotheses concern:

  • H1: Trans-synaptic transfer as the primary propagation mechanism
  • H2: Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated spread as a distinct pathway
  • H3: Targeting specific steps (seed formation, spread, neuronal uptake) as viable intervention strategies
  • If these don't match your Theorist's actual claims

    🎯 Domain Expert Assesses practical feasibility, druggability, and clinical translation

    Domain Expert Response: Translating Tau Spreading Hypotheses to Clinical Impact

    Preamble: Where We Stand Today

    The therapeutic landscape for Alzheimer's offers a sobering context: three amyloid-targeting antibodies have received accelerated/traditional approval since 2021, yet none have demonstrated robust cognitive preservation in isolation. This changes the calculus for tau-targeting strategies. The question is no longer whether to target tau, but where in the pathological cascade gives the best risk-benefit ratio for intervention. The hypotheses you've proposed sit at that

    Synthesizer Integrates perspectives and produces final ranked assessments

    Price History

    0.250.500.75 score_update: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T01:38)score_update: post_process (2026-04-02T03:49)debate: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T04:03)debate: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T04:19)score_update: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T05:12)evidence: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T05:48)evidence: evidence_update (2026-04-02T06:36)score_update: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T06:45)score_update: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T09:23)evidence: evidence_update (2026-04-02T12:10)evidence: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T12:11)debate: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T12:51)evidence: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T13:48)evidence: market_dynamics (2026-04-02T17:18)evidence: market_dynamics_seed (2026-04-02T18:16)evidence: evidence_batch_update (2026-04-04T09:08)evidence: evidence_batch_update (2026-04-13T02:18)evidence: evidence_batch_update (2026-04-13T02:18) 1.00 0.00 2026-04-022026-04-122026-04-27 Market PriceScoreevidencedebate 165 events
    7d Trend
    Stable
    7d Momentum
    ▲ 0.0%
    Volatility
    Low
    0.0110
    Events (7d)
    3
    ⚡ Price Movement Log Recent 15 events
    Event Price Change Source Time
    📄 New Evidence $0.463 ▲ 2.1% evidence_batch_update 2026-04-13 02:18
    📄 New Evidence $0.453 ▲ 2.5% evidence_batch_update 2026-04-13 02:18
    Recalibrated $0.442 ▲ 0.9% 2026-04-12 18:34
    Recalibrated $0.438 ▼ 0.3% 2026-04-12 10:15
    Recalibrated $0.440 ▼ 2.5% 2026-04-12 05:13
    Recalibrated $0.451 ▼ 0.9% 2026-04-10 15:58
    Recalibrated $0.455 ▲ 1.0% 2026-04-10 15:53
    Recalibrated $0.450 ▲ 0.8% 2026-04-08 22:18
    Recalibrated $0.447 ▼ 5.4% 2026-04-08 18:39
    Recalibrated $0.472 ▼ 2.6% 2026-04-06 04:04
    📄 New Evidence $0.485 ▲ 2.2% evidence_batch_update 2026-04-04 09:08
    Recalibrated $0.475 ▼ 4.1% 2026-04-03 23:46
    Recalibrated $0.495 ▼ 7.3% 2026-04-02 21:55
    Recalibrated $0.534 ▼ 2.5% market_recalibrate 2026-04-02 19:14
    📄 New Evidence $0.548 ▲ 0.8% market_dynamics_seed 2026-04-02 18:16

    Clinical Trials (7) Relevance: 12%

    0
    Active
    0
    Completed
    1,479
    Total Enrolled
    PHASE2
    Highest Phase
    Effect of Transcranial Alternative Current Stimulation at Alpha Frequency (α-tACS) on Stressed Healthy Subjects NA
    RECRUITING · NCT06229002 · Hôpital le Vinatier
    40 enrolled
    stress. Notably, several studies reported that stress could alter impulsivity, source monitoring, and time perception. Several mechanisms are involved in the response to a stress factor, among them t
    Healthy
    Transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS) at alpha frequency Sham stimulation
    Allopregnanolone Regenerative Therapeutic for Mild Alzheimer's Disease PHASE2
    RECRUITING · NCT04838301 · University of Arizona
    100 enrolled · 2023-08-15 · → 2026-11-18
    A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.
    Alzheimer Dementia Late Onset Alzheimer Disease Neurodegenerative Diseases
    Allopregnanolone Placebo
    A Study of RO5313534 as Add-on to Donepezil Treatment in Patients With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease PHASE2
    COMPLETED · NCT00884507 · Hoffmann-La Roche
    389 enrolled · 2009-05 · → 2010-11
    This 4 arm study will assess the efficacy and safety of RO5313534 (MEM3454) versus placebo added to donepezil, in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. Following a screening period, pati
    Alzheimer's Disease
    Placebo RO5313534 RO5313534
    Effects of a Cognitive-Engaging Strength Training Program on Health, Physical Condition, and Quality of Life in People With Alzheimer's Disease NA
    NOT_YET_RECRUITING · NCT07022431 · University of Seville
    34 enrolled · 2025-10 · → 2025-10
    The primary objective of this project is to examine the impact of a strength training program with high cognitive demands on cognitive function, motor skills, physical fitness, and quality of life in
    Alzheimer Disease
    Interval strength training
    A Study Of Oral PF-01913539 In Patients With Mild To Moderate Alzheimer's Disease PHASE2
    WITHDRAWN · NCT01066481 · Pfizer
    2010-04 · → 2012-03
    The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of PF-01913539 in the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's Disease. It is a 6-month study enrolling 651 patients
    Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Dimebon
    PF-01913539 5 mg PF-01913539 5 mg Placebo
    Safety and Efficacy Study Evaluating TRx0237 in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease PHASE3
    COMPLETED · NCT01689246 · TauRx Therapeutics Ltd
    891 enrolled · 2013-01 · → 2015-11
    The purpose of this study is to determine the safety and efficacy of TRx0237 in the treatment of subjects with mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease.
    Alzheimer's Disease
    TRx0237 150 mg/day TRx0237 250 mg/day Placebo
    A Study of Patients With Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A (MPS IIIA) Unknown
    COMPLETED · NCT01047306 · Shire
    25 enrolled · 2010-02-15 · → 2013-07-10
    The purpose is to evaluate the course of disease progression in MPS IIIA patients who are untreated to identify potential surrogate endpoints that may be utilized in future ERT trials of MPS IIIA via
    Sanfilippo Syndrome Type A
    assessment

    📚 Cited Papers (73)

    1 figure
    Figures
    Figures
    Figures available at source paper (no open-access XML found).
    deep_link
    14 figures
    Figure 1
    Figure 1
    No caption available
    pmc_api
    Figure 1
    Figure 1
    PenG Prevents the L-Form Switch from the Walled State (A) Schematic representation of peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis in B . subtilis and its inhibition by antibiotics. The PG wall...
    pmc_api
    T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) memory T cell-potentiating cytokine IL-25 has the potential to promote angiogenesis in asthma.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2011) · PMID:21205894
    1 figure
    Figures
    Figures
    Figures available at source paper (no open-access XML found).
    deep_link
    1 figure
    Figures
    Figures
    Figures available at source paper (no open-access XML found).
    deep_link
    No extracted figures yet
    T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) memory T cell-potentiating cytokine IL-25 has the potential to promote angiogenesis in asthma.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2011) · PMID:21205894
    No extracted figures yet
    No extracted figures yet
    Vitamin D, virus etiology, and atopy in first-time wheezing children in Finland.
    Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2015) · PMID:25387768
    No extracted figures yet
    No extracted figures yet
    No extracted figures yet
    Next-generation muscle-directed gene therapy by in silico vector design.
    Nature communications (2019) · PMID:30700722
    No extracted figures yet
    Forecasting Nitrous Oxide emissions based on grey system models.
    Environmental geochemistry and health (2020) · PMID:31562587
    No extracted figures yet

    📅 Citation Freshness Audit

    Freshness score = exp(-age×ln2/5): halves every 5 years. Green >0.6, Amber 0.3–0.6, Red <0.3.

    No citation freshness data yet. Export bibliography — run scripts/audit_citation_freshness.py to populate.

    ⚔ Arena Performance

    No arena matches recorded yet. Browse Arenas
    → Browse all arenas & tournaments

    📊 Resource Economics & ROI

    High Efficiency Resource Efficiency Score
    0.95
    79.0th percentile (776 hypotheses)
    Tokens Used
    2,808
    KG Edges Generated
    733
    Citations Produced
    29

    Cost Ratios

    Cost per KG Edge
    20.65 tokens
    Lower is better (baseline: 2000)
    Cost per Citation
    96.83 tokens
    Lower is better (baseline: 1000)
    Cost per Score Point
    4443.04 tokens
    Tokens / composite_score

    Score Impact

    Efficiency Boost to Composite
    +0.095
    10% weight of efficiency score
    Adjusted Composite
    0.670

    How Economics Pricing Works

    Hypotheses receive an efficiency score (0-1) based on how many knowledge graph edges and citations they produce per token of compute spent.

    High-efficiency hypotheses (score >= 0.8) get a price premium in the market, pulling their price toward $0.580.

    Low-efficiency hypotheses (score < 0.6) receive a discount, pulling their price toward $0.420.

    Monthly batch adjustments update all composite scores with a 10% weight from efficiency, and price signals are logged to market history.

    📋 Reviews View all →

    Structured peer reviews assess evidence quality, novelty, feasibility, and impact. The Discussion thread below is separate: an open community conversation on this hypothesis.

    💬 Discussion

    No DepMap CRISPR Chronos data found for HSP90AA1.

    Run python3 scripts/backfill_hypothesis_depmap.py to populate.

    No curated ClinVar variants loaded for this hypothesis.

    Run scripts/backfill_clinvar_variants.py to fetch P/LP/VUS variants.

    🔍 Search ClinVar for HSP90AA1 →
    Loading history…

    ⚖️ Governance History

    No governance decisions recorded for this hypothesis.

    Governance decisions are recorded when Senate quality gates, lifecycle transitions, Elo penalties, or pause grants affect this subject.

    Browse all governance decisions →

    Wiki Pages

    Epidemic Spreading Model of Tau Pathologymechanismoga-inhibition-taumechanismTau Pathology Astrocytes (TPA)cellTau-PROTAC Heterobifunctional Degrader for TauopatideaGranulovacuolar Bodies: Neuronal Defense MechanismmechanismTau Propagation Mechanismsmechanismp-taubiomarkerTotal Tau (t-Tau) - BiomarkerbiomarkerTau-Seed Interception Using Conformational-SelectiideaNTS — NeurotensingeneTau Proteostasis and Clearance Across 4R-TauopathimechanismHSP90AA1 GenegeneDried Blood Spot Biomarker Test for Alzheimer's DibiomarkerAstrocyte-Derived Exosomal mRNA Reference Genes fobiomarkerDTI Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Diseasebiomarker

    KG Entities (75)

    ADAM10AKTAPOEAPOE4APPAlzheimer's DiseaseAutophagy-lysosome pathwayBIN1C1QCD33CDK5CHMP4BCTSDCX3CR1DAP12ERKEndosomal sorting / vesicle traffickingExtracellular Vesicle Biogenesis ModulatHS3ST1HSP70

    Dependency Graph (7 upstream, 1 downstream)

    Depends On
    LRP1-Dependent Tau Uptake Disruptionbuilds_on (1.0)Tau-Independent Microtubule Stabilization via MAP6 Enhancementbuilds_on (1.0)Noradrenergic-Tau Propagation Blockadebuilds_on (1.0)TREM2-mediated microglial tau clearance enhancementbuilds_on (1.0)Low Complexity Domain Cross-Linking Inhibitionbuilds_on (0.8)Heat Shock Protein 70 Disaggregase Amplificationbuilds_on (0.8)Cross-Seeding Prevention Strategybuilds_on (0.6)
    Depended On By
    Synaptic Vesicle Tau Capture Inhibitionbuilds_on (1.0)

    Linked Experiments (10)

    Real-world safety study of Lecanemab in Japanese AD patientsclinical | tests | 0.95Meta-analysis of physical activity interventions on cognitive function in ADclinical | tests | 0.95Endothelial CD2AP knockdown effects on memory in male micevalidation | tests | 0.90Immunofluorescence analysis of cerebral microvascular density in APP/PS1 miceexploratory | tests | 0.90ASC antibody treatment in SH-SY5Y-APP695 cellsexploratory | tests | 0.90CD2AP downregulation in brain endothelial cells - memory functionvalidation | tests | 0.90Diosmin cognitive rescue in APP/PS1 micevalidation | tests | 0.90Behavioral assessment of APP/PSEN1/GD3S triple-mutant micevalidation | tests | 0.90AhR agonist effects on NEP in APP/PS1 micevalidation | tests | 0.90Amyloid plaque load analysis in triple-mutant mouse brainsexploratory | tests | 0.88

    Related Hypotheses

    HSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex Enhancement
    Score: 0.634 | neurodegeneration
    Membrane-Localized HSP90 Disruption
    Score: 0.455 | drug discovery
    Phosphorylation-State Dependent Inhibition
    Score: 0.455 | drug discovery
    Allosteric Pocket Exploitation for Tau-Specific HSP90 Modulation
    Score: 0.455 | drug discovery

    Estimated Development

    Estimated Cost
    $1
    Timeline
    4.3 years

    🧪 Falsifiable Predictions

    No explicit predictions recorded yet. Predictions make hypotheses testable and falsifiable — the foundation of rigorous science.

    Knowledge Subgraph (126 edges)

    Activate TREM2 signaling pathways to reprogram microglia from tau-propagating phenotype to tau-clear (1)

    TREM2trem2_tau_interaction

    CHMP4B modulates tau propagation (1)

    chmp4b_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    Deploy selective small molecule inhibitors targeting the tau-binding domain of LRP1 to prevent cellu (1)

    LRP1lrp1_tau_interaction

    Design allosteric modulators that specifically enhance HSP90's tau disaggregation activity without a (1)

    HSP90AA1hsp90aa1_tau_interaction

    Design selective allosteric activators of VCP/p97 ATPase activity specifically for tau-containing au (1)

    VCPvcp_tau_interaction

    Develop selective modulators of neurexin-neuroligin interactions to create synaptic barriers that pr (1)

    NLGN1nlgn1_tau_interaction

    HSP90AA1 modulates tau propagation (1)

    hsp90aa1_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    LRP1 modulates tau propagation (1)

    lrp1_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    NLGN1 modulates tau propagation (1)

    nlgn1_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    SNAP25 modulates tau propagation (1)

    snap25_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    TREM2 modulates tau propagation (1)

    trem2_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    Target ESCRT-III complex components (CHMP4B, VPS4) to selectively reduce tau-containing extracellula (1)

    CHMP4Bchmp4b_tau_interaction

    Target SNAP25 interactions to prevent tau uptake at presynaptic terminals during vesicle recycling. (1)

    SNAP25snap25_tau_interaction

    VCP modulates tau propagation (1)

    vcp_tau_interactiontau_propagation

    associated with (7)

    CHMP4BneurodegenerationCHMP4BAlzheimer's DiseaseVCPAlzheimer's DiseaseHSP90AA1Alzheimer's DiseaseSNAP25Alzheimer's Disease
    ▸ Show 2 more

    catalyzes (1)

    CTSDlysosomal_degradation

    co associated with (21)

    HSP90AA1HSP90CHMP4BSNAP25CHMP4BTREM2CHMP4BNLGN1HSP90AA1VCP
    ▸ Show 16 more

    co discussed (48)

    SORL1TAUAKTDAP12APOEDAP12DAP12PI3KDAP12TFEB
    ▸ Show 43 more

    contributes to (1)

    tau_propagationalzheimer_disease

    controls (1)

    BIN1extracellular_vesicle_trafficking

    facilitates (1)

    HS3ST1tau_internalization

    investigated in (1)

    diseases-corticobasal-syndromeSDA-2026-04-02-gap-tau-prop-20260402003221-H001

    involved in (1)

    TREM2trem2_dap12_microglial_signaling

    mediates (2)

    TREM2microglial_activationSDC4protein_aggregate_uptake

    participates in (5)

    CHMP4BEndosomal sorting / vesicle traffickingVCPAutophagy-lysosome pathwayHSP90AA1Tau protein / microtubule-associated pathwaySNAP25Tau protein / microtubule-associated pathwayNLGN1Synaptic function / plasticity

    regulates (15)

    LRP1LRP1-Dependent Tau Uptake DisruptionTREM2TREM2-mediated microglial tau clearance enhancemenCHMP4BExtracellular Vesicle Biogenesis ModulationVCPVCP-Mediated Autophagy EnhancementHSP90AA1HSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex Enhancement
    ▸ Show 10 more

    stabilizes (1)

    LAMP1lysosomal_membrane

    therapeutic target (7)

    LRP1-Dependent Tau Uptake DisruptionAlzheimer's DiseaseTREM2-mediated microglial tau clearance enhancemenAlzheimer's DiseaseExtracellular Vesicle Biogenesis ModulationAlzheimer's DiseaseVCP-Mediated Autophagy EnhancementAlzheimer's DiseaseHSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex EnhancementAlzheimer's Disease
    ▸ Show 2 more

    Mechanism Pathway for HSP90AA1

    Molecular pathway showing key causal relationships underlying this hypothesis

    graph TD
        HSP90AA1["HSP90AA1"] -->|regulates| HSP90_Tau_Disaggregation_["HSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex Enhancement"]
        HSP90AA1_1["HSP90AA1"] -->|regulates| Tau_Propagation["Tau Propagation"]
        HSP90AA1_2["HSP90AA1"] -->|participates in| Tau_protein___microtubule["Tau protein / microtubule-associated pathway"]
        HSP90AA1_3["HSP90AA1"] -->|associated with| Alzheimer_s_Disease["Alzheimer's Disease"]
        HSP90AA1_4["HSP90AA1"] -->|Design allosteric| hsp90aa1_tau_interaction["hsp90aa1_tau_interaction"]
        hsp90aa1_tau_interaction_5["hsp90aa1_tau_interaction"] -->|HSP90AA1 modulates| tau_propagation["tau_propagation"]
        HSP90AA1_6["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| VCP["VCP"]
        HSP90AA1_7["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| LRP1["LRP1"]
        CHMP4B["CHMP4B"] -->|co associated with| HSP90AA1_8["HSP90AA1"]
        HSP90AA1_9["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| SNAP25["SNAP25"]
        HSP90AA1_10["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| TREM2["TREM2"]
        HSP90AA1_11["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| NLGN1["NLGN1"]
        HSP90AA1_12["HSP90AA1"] -->|co associated with| HSP90["HSP90"]
        style HSP90AA1 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90_Tau_Disaggregation_ fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_1 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style Tau_Propagation fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_2 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style Tau_protein___microtubule fill:#81c784,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_3 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style Alzheimer_s_Disease fill:#ef5350,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_4 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style hsp90aa1_tau_interaction fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style hsp90aa1_tau_interaction_5 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style tau_propagation fill:#81c784,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_6 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style VCP fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_7 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style LRP1 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style CHMP4B fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_8 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_9 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style SNAP25 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_10 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style TREM2 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_11 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style NLGN1 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90AA1_12 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000
        style HSP90 fill:#ce93d8,stroke:#333,color:#000

    3D Protein Structure

    🧬 HSP90AA1 — PDB 2CG9 Click to expand 3D viewer

    Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Powered by Mol* | Rotate: click+drag | Zoom: scroll | Reset: right-click

    Source Analysis

    Tau propagation mechanisms and therapeutic interception points

    neurodegeneration | 2026-04-04 | completed

    Community Feedback

    0 0 upvotes · 0 downvotes
    💬 0 comments ⚠ 0 flags ✏ 0 edit suggestions

    No comments yet. Be the first to comment!

    View all feedback (JSON)

    Same Analysis (5)

    Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis Modulation
    Score: 0.81 · CHMP4B
    LRP1-Dependent Tau Uptake Disruption
    Score: 0.81 · LRP1
    VCP-Mediated Autophagy Enhancement
    Score: 0.79 · VCP
    TREM2-mediated microglial tau clearance enhancement
    Score: 0.78 · TREM2
    HSP90-Tau Disaggregation Complex Enhancement
    Score: 0.63 · HSP90AA1
    → View all analysis hypotheses
    Public annotations (0)Annotate on Hypothes.is →
    No public annotations yet.