concept

FRONTAL

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about FRONTAL: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

201Connections

6Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

10Experiments

0Debates

No summary available yet.

View on Wiki →

No AI portrait yet

💡 Concept Info

Name	FRONTAL
Key Genes/Proteins	ABCA1, ALZHEIMER, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, APOE, AQP4, ATAXIN-3
Related Diseases	ALS, Alzheimer'S Disease, AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS, ANXIETY, BIPOLAR

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    FRONTAL["FRONTAL"]
    style FRONTAL fill:#1a237e,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px
    FRONTAL -->|"causes"| FRONTOTEMPORAL["FRONTOTEMPORAL"]
    FRONTAL -->|"causes"| FTD["FTD"]
    FRONTAL -->|"causes"| NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"]
    FRONTAL -->|"regulates"| FUS([FUS])
    FRONTAL -->|"regulates"| SOD1([SOD1])
    FRONTAL -->|"reduces"| HIPPOCAMPUS((HIPPOCAMPUS))
    FRONTAL -->|"activates"| MTOR([MTOR])
    FRONTAL -->|"sensitizes_to"| PREFRONTAL((PREFRONTAL))
    DEMENTIA["DEMENTIA"] -->|"causes"| FRONTAL
    ALS["ALS"] -->|"regulates"| FRONTAL
    C9ORF72([C9ORF72]) -->|"regulates"| FRONTAL
    AMYLOID["AMYLOID"] -->|"reduces"| FRONTAL
    AMYGDALA((AMYGDALA)) -->|"reduces"| FRONTAL
    CORTEX((CORTEX)) -->|"regulates"| FRONTAL
    DOPAMINERGIC["/DOPAMINERGIC/"] -->|"causes"| FRONTAL

Outgoing (70)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
PREFRONTAL	associated_with	brain_region	0.65
FRONTOTEMPORAL	causes	disease	0.65
FTD	causes	disease	0.65
NEURODEGENERATION	causes	disease	0.65
MTOR	activates	gene	0.65
SOD1	regulates	gene	0.65
FUS	regulates	gene	0.65
HIPPOCAMPUS	associated_with	brain_region	0.65
GFAP	activates	gene	0.60
HIPPOCAMPUS	activates	brain_region	0.60
NEURON	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
MICROGLIA	causes	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
MICROGLIA	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
RAGE	regulates	gene	0.60
NEURON	contributes_to	cell_type	0.60
PREFRONTAL	expressed_in	brain_region	0.60
INTERNEURON	activates	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURONS	activates	cell_type	0.60
PREFRONTAL	mediates	brain_region	0.60
HIPPOCAMPUS	regulates	brain_region	0.60
PREFRONTAL	regulates	brain_region	0.60
PTSD	regulates	disease	0.60
PREFRONTAL	activates	brain_region	0.60
TREM2	expressed_in	gene	0.60
NEURON	regulates	cell_type	0.60
OPTN	regulates	gene	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	regulates	disease	0.60
HIPPOCAMPUS	expressed_in	brain_region	0.60
SUBSTANTIA NIGRA	causes	brain_region	0.60
NEURON	activates	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	activates	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	inhibits	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURONS	inhibits	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	inhibits	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	inhibits	cell_type	0.60
PREFRONTAL	inhibits	brain_region	0.60
OCCIPITAL	associated_with	brain_region	0.60
SCHIZOPHRENIA	regulates	disease	0.60
LDLR	causes	gene	0.60
VENTRAL TEGMENTAL	causes	brain_region	0.60
SLC1A2	activates	gene	0.60
PREFRONTAL	causes	brain_region	0.60
ENTORHINAL CORTEX	associated_with	concept	0.50
TEMPORAL LOBE	associated_with	concept	0.50
AMYGDALA	associated_with	concept	0.50
CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM	activates	concept	0.50
GENE EXPRESSION	regulates	concept	0.50
AMYGDALA	activates	concept	0.50
RAS	co_discussed	gene	0.40

Incoming (131)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
CORTEX	regulates	brain_region	0.65
ALS	sensitizes_to	disease	0.65
ANXIETY	associated_with	disease	0.65
CORTEX	associated_with	brain_region	0.65
DEMENTIA	causes	disease	0.65
AMYGDALA	reduces	brain_region	0.65
C9ORF72	regulates	gene	0.65
ALS	regulates	disease	0.65
CORTEX	expressed_in	brain_region	0.60
APOE	causes	gene	0.60
CYP46A1	causes	gene	0.60
DEPRESSION	causes	disease	0.60
ANXIETY	expressed_in	disease	0.60
DEPRESSION	expressed_in	disease	0.60
CORTEX	mediates	brain_region	0.60
DRD2	mediates	gene	0.60
CX3CR1	causes	gene	0.60
DRD2	regulates	gene	0.60
CHRNA7	expressed_in	gene	0.60
CX3CR1	biomarker_for	gene	0.60
CORTEX	causes	brain_region	0.60
ABCA1	causes	gene	0.60
CORTEX	activates	brain_region	0.60
AMYGDALA	regulates	brain_region	0.60
DEPRESSION	activates	disease	0.60
DOPAMINERGIC	causes	cell_type	0.60
DEPRESSION	associated_with	disease	0.60
DEMENTIA	regulates	disease	0.60
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	associated_with	gene	0.50
APOE	activates	gene	0.50
AQP4	activates	gene	0.50
SLC1A2	activates	gene	0.50
GJA1	activates	gene	0.50
THALAMUS	activates	concept	0.50
GLUTAMATE	activates	concept	0.50
NR3C1	activates	gene	0.50
Cholesterol	activates	pathway	0.50
ABCA1	activates	gene	0.50
CYP46A1	activates	gene	0.50
LDLR	activates	gene	0.50
PSD-95	activates	protein	0.50
HMGCR	activates	gene	0.50
ACAT1	activates	concept	0.50
Proteins	activates	protein	0.50
ALZHEIMER	regulates	gene	0.50
Alzheimer'S Disease	regulates	disease	0.50
disease	regulates	disease	0.50
Hippocampus	regulates	entity	0.50
ALZHEIMER'S	regulates	concept	0.50
narcolepsy	regulates	disease	0.50

Targeting Hypotheses (6)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targe	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV	0.797	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation to	0.785	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Prefrontal sensory gating circuit restoration via PV interne	0.775	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Rab27A/B-mediated exosomal tau secretion from microglia driv	0.690	neurodegeneration	Which tau propagation mechanism predomin

APOE4 Induces Region-Specific Microglial Senescence Driving	0.600	neuroinflammation	How do regional, age, and sex-dependent

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (10)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
CHI3L1 variant association with AD progression in human patients	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.850	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.509	0.50	human postmortem brain tissue	proposed	$520,000
s:** - Test whether HCN1 knockout specifically in EC layer II accelera	falsification	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$80,000
AD Amyloid-Resilient Phenotype Study — Why Some amyloid-Positive Indiv	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
AD Combination Therapy Trial: Anti-Aβ + Anti-Tau	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$180,000
Biomarker-Guided Sequential Therapy Selection in Alzheimer's Disease	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
tACS Connectivity Trial in Early Alzheimer's	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	mouse	proposed	$730,000
Cholinergic System Dysfunction in DLB — Mechanisms and Therapeutic Res	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Migraine Cortical Hyperexcitability and Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Long	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer’s disease [PMID:39402379]	Gabitto MI, Travaglini KJ, Rachleff VM,	Nature Neuroscience	2024	225
Transcriptional and functional profiles of muscarinic receptor-expressing neuron [PMID:41857244]	Tsolias A, Mojica CA, Yamani R, Khanna S	Communications biology	2026	0
Neurophysiological and neuropharmacological effects of melatonin MT2 receptors a [PMID:41571206]	["Barzon B", "Marchiotto F", "Nasini S",	Biochemical pharmacology	2026	0
Enhanced interhemispheric functional connectivity in elderly anxiety patients wi [PMID:41656398]	["Chang Y", "Liu M", "Liu Y", "Xie X", "	Scientific reports	2026	0
Convergent transcriptomic and connectomic controllers of information integration [PMID:41606107]	Luppi AI, Uhrig L, Tasserie J, Mediano P	Nature human behaviour	2026	0
Transcranial direct current stimulation restores addictive behavior via prefront [PMID:41136747]	["Zuo H", "Zhang W", "Wang L", "Wu Y", "	Molecular psychiatry	2026	0
Meta-Analyses of Auditory Evoked Potentials as Alzheimer Biomarkers. [PMID:40836165]	Bayat A, Mirmomeni G, Aiken S, Jafari Z	Ear and hearing	2026	0
Establishing mouse forebrain organoids as models of intrinsic cortical network a [PMID:41791384]	Hernandez S, Schweiger HE, Cline I, Kaur	Stem cell reports	2026	0
Altered Expression of GABA-Related Genes in Schizophrenia: Insights from Meta-An [PMID:41788138]	Singer Y, Yitzhaky A, Hertzberg L	Alpha psychiatry	2026	0
A silent Kv channel subunit shapes PV neuron action potential waveform and short [PMID:41632839]	Ganesh S, Canty TM, Sabatini BL	Proceedings of the National Ac	2026	0
Mitochondrial bioenergetic signatures differentiate asymptomatic from symptomati [PMID:41279752]	Mandal P, Trushina E, Arnold M, Kaddurah	bioRxiv : the preprint server	2025	0
Fate plasticity of interneuron specification. [PMID:40264797]	Mostajo-Radji MA, Leon WRM, Breevoort A,	iScience	2025	0
Multimodal Neuroimaging of Obesity: From Structural-Functional Mechanisms to Pre [PMID:40426616]	["Liu W", "Li N", "Tang D", "Qin L", "Zh	Brain sciences	2025	0
Medial prefrontal cortex circuit dynamics involved in stage-specific addiction. [PMID:41307570]	["Zhao D", "Zhang X", "Bai J"]	Brain structure & function	2025	0
Studies in rats of a target specific and reversible general anesthetic with a fa [PMID:41187127]	["Xie Z", "Fong R", "Fox A"]	PloS one	2025	0
tDCS-induced enhancement of cognitive flexibility in autism: role of frontal lob [PMID:40874060]	["Han Y", "Dong A", "Xia C", "Zhang Z",	Frontiers in behavioral neuros	2025	0
Fate plasticity of interneuron specification. [PMID:40264797]	["Mostajo-Radji M", "Leon W", "Breevoort	iScience	2025	0
The thalamic reticular nucleus orchestrates social memory. [PMID:38701789]	Wang F, Sun H, Chen M, Feng B, Lu Y, Lyu	Neuron	2024	0
A vagal reflex evoked by airway closure. [PMID:38448588]	["Schappe M", "Brinn P", "Joshi N", "Gre	Nature	2024	0
Integrated multimodal cell atlas of Alzheimer's disease. [PMID:39402379]	Gabitto MI, Travaglini KJ, Rachleff VM,	Nat Neurosci	2024	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning FRONTAL in their description or question text

APOE4 Induces Region-Specific Microglial Senescence Driving Frontal Cortex Neuro

Score: 0.600 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview APOE4 Induces Region-Specific Microglial Senescence Driving Frontal Cortex Neurodegeneration sta