concept

PER

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about PER: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

1163Connections

30Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

20Experiments

0Debates

Summary

PER is a concept in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: associated with, activates, expressed in. Associated with ALS, Aging, Als. Connected to 640 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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💡 Concept Info

Name	PER
Key Genes/Proteins	AADC, ABCB1, ABCG2, Actin, ADAM10, ADRA2A
Related Diseases	Addiction, Aging
Related Pathways	Adaptive Immunity, Akt

Wiki Pages (15)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    PER["PER"]
    PER -->|"interacts"| CRY["CRY"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Als["Als"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Diabetes["Diabetes"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Obesity["Obesity"]
    PER -->|"regulates"| Parkinson["Parkinson"]
    BMAL1["BMAL1"] -->|"regulates"| PER
    CLOCK["CLOCK"] -->|"regulates"| PER
    ARNT["ARNT"] -->|"expressed in"| PER
    CRY -->|"expressed in"| PER
    CNO["CNO"] -->|"regulates"| PER
    MTDNA["MTDNA"] -->|"expressed in"| PER

Outgoing (785)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Als	associated_with	disease	1.00
kdense-quantum	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-lab_automation	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-proteomics	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-ml_ai	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
Cancer	expressed_in	disease	1.00
kdense-protein_engineering	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-database_access	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-clinical	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-neuroscience	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-cheminformatics	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
kdense-engineering	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-multi_omics	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-geospatial	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-visualization	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-physics	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-healthcare_ai	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-data_analysis	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-infrastructure	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-research_methodology	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-scientific_comm	has_wiki	wiki_page	1.00
METABOLIC HEALTH	regulates	entity	0.95
Als	expressed_in	disease	0.95
circadian rhythm	drives	process	0.95
Stroke	associated_with	disease	0.95
Cancer	associated_with	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	associated_with	disease	0.95
Circadian Rhythm Regulation	regulates	process	0.90
Cellular Metabolism	regulates	process	0.90
Circadian Rhythms	involved_in	process	0.90
Circadian Gene Expression	involved_in	process	0.90
DNA	associated_with	gene	0.90
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	0.90
Alzheimer	activates	disease	0.85
Aging	associated_with	disease	0.85
Inflammation	associated_with	disease	0.85
Als	inhibits	disease	0.85
LIPID METABOLISM	regulates	entity	0.85
SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE	regulates	entity	0.85
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	0.85
Tumor	therapeutic_target	disease	0.85
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	0.85
Cancer	therapeutic_target	disease	0.85
Diabetes	associated_with	disease	0.85
circadian rhythm	participates_in	biological_process	0.80
Metabolism	regulates	biological_process	0.80
Insomnia	associated_with	disease	0.80
Circadian Rhythm	involved_in	process	0.80
CRY	interacts_with	protein	0.80

Incoming (378)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
kdense-visualization	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-proteomics	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-multi_omics	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-data_analysis	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-engineering	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-research_methodology	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-lab_automation	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-quantum	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-neuroscience	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-infrastructure	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-database_access	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-clinical	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-geospatial	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-healthcare_ai	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-physics	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-protein_engineering	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-ml_ai	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-cheminformatics	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
kdense-scientific_comm	described_by	wiki_page	1.00
CANCER	expressed_in	gene	1.00
GENES	associated_with	gene	0.90
CANCER	associated_with	gene	0.90
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	0.90
OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SYNDROME	modulates	entity	0.85
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	gene	0.80
DNA	associated_with	gene	0.80
STROKE	associated_with	gene	0.80
NEURODEGENERATION	associated_with	gene	0.80
OSAS	modulates	disease	0.75
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome	modulates	disease	0.75
TP53	expressed_in	gene	0.70
PARKINSON	associated_with	gene	0.70
GENES	therapeutic_target	gene	0.70
GENES	causes	gene	0.70
ERK	activates	gene	0.70
DNA	expressed_in	gene	0.70
INFLAMMATION	associated_with	gene	0.70
PI3K	activates	gene	0.70
CANCER	regulates	gene	0.70
MOTOR NEURONS	associated_with	gene	0.70
CANCER	activates	gene	0.70
PARKINSON	activates	gene	0.70
ALZHEIMER	activates	gene	0.70
CREB	activates	gene	0.70
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	activates	gene	0.70
GENES	expressed_in	gene	0.70
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA	associated_with	gene	0.70
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	regulates	gene	0.70
ALZHEIMER	biomarker_for	gene	0.70
CANCER	therapeutic_target	gene	0.70

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.948	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
HK2-Dependent Metabolic Checkpoint as the Gatekeeper of DAM	0.919	neurodegeneration	How do different microglial subtypes (DA
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block t	0.896	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance	0.867	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress	0.857	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

AMPK hypersensitivity in astrocytes creates enhanced mitocho	0.813	neurodegeneration	Mitochondrial transfer between astrocyte
TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Disrupts Perivascular	0.812	neuroscience	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
ALOX15-Driven Enzymatic Ferroptosis in AD Oligodendrocytes v	0.777	Alzheimer's Disease	Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
APOE4 Allosteric Rescue via Small Molecule Chaperones	0.765	neurodegeneration	APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
cGAS-STING Pathway Hyperactivation Mediates Tau Propagation	0.760	neurodegeneration	Gap 006 analysis (archived stub)
Iron-driven lipid peroxidation and GPX4 failure create a fer	0.750	neurodegeneration	What mechanisms drive the self-amplifyin
miR-33 Antisense Oligonucleotide Hyper-Lipidation Strategy	0.741	molecular biology	Is APOE4's reduced lipid binding pathoge
NRF2 failure lowers antioxidant reserve and permits recurren	0.740	neurodegeneration	What mechanisms drive the self-amplifyin
Senescence-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Spreading	0.730	neurodegeneration	Senolytic therapy for age-related neurod
Proteostasis Enhancement via APOE Chaperone Targeting	0.724	neurodegeneration	Mechanistic role of APOE in neurodegener
TBK1 Loss-of-Function Amplifies C1q-Mediated Synapse Elimina	0.724	neurodegeneration	How do the seven novel ALS genes functio
APOE4-driven pericyte injury/senescence is an upstream drive	0.720	neurodegeneration	Does pericyte senescence drive BBB break
ASO-Mediated Exon Skipping to Restore FUS-TAZ Chaperone Axis	0.720	neurodegeneration	How does FUS loss-of-function in TAZ reg
NLRP3 Inflammasome Lock Perpetuates Senescence-Associated In	0.720	neurodegeneration	What molecular mechanisms drive microgli
CD8+ T-Cell Perforin Pathway as Driver of Neuronal Pyramid L	0.710	Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease	-
Microglial Efferocytosis Enhancement via GPR32 Superagonists	0.704	neurodegeneration	Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms
MAP6-CRMPS cooperative phosphorylation by GSK3β	0.700	neurodegeneration	View
Pericyte-targeted senolysis or senomorphic therapy will bene	0.700	neurodegeneration	Does pericyte senescence drive BBB break
H5: C9orf72 DPR Dipeptides Corrupt G3BP1 Condensate Properti	0.698	neurodegeneration	How do pathological stress granules tran
Perforant Path Presynaptic Terminal Protection Strategy	0.696	neurodegeneration	Selective vulnerability of entorhinal co
Peripheral Monocyte/Macrophage Infiltration Mimicking Microg	0.693	neuroinflammation	What causes IBA1 low/negative microglia
Loss of AQP4 Polarization Impairs Glymphatic Perivascular In	0.690	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular mechanis
Pericyte Contractility Reset via Selective PDGFR-β Agonism	0.684	neurodegeneration	Perivascular spaces and glymphatic clear
Chaperone-Mediated APOE4 Refolding Enhancement	0.680	neurodegeneration	APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
AQP4 Dysregulation Promotes Neuroinflammation Through Impair	0.680	neurodegeneration	What are the specific molecular mechanis

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (20)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn	clinical	Alzheimer's disease and relate	0.950	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
GWAS of plasma NfL in East Asian cohort	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	human patients - East Asian co	proposed	N/A
GWAS of plasma pTau217 in East Asian cohort	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	human patients - East Asian co	proposed	N/A
Dairy intake and dementia risk in Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort	clinical	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	Swedish community-based adults	proposed	N/A
GWAS of plasma pTau181 in East Asian cohort	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	human patients - East Asian co	proposed	N/A
GWAS of plasma GFAP in East Asian cohort	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	human patients - East Asian co	proposed	N/A
KEEPS Continuation: Long-term effects of menopausal hormone therapy on	clinical	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	0.00	recently menopausal women with	proposed	N/A
iPSC-derived astrocyte-neuron co-culture mitochondrial transfer in PD	exploratory	Parkinson's disease	0.900	0.00	iPSC-derived dopaminergic neur	proposed	N/A
GWAS of composite biomarker score	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.900	0.00	human patients - East Asian co	proposed	N/A
RBG treatment in ApoE-/- atherosclerosis mouse model	validation	atherosclerosis	0.900	0.00	ApoE-/- mice	proposed	N/A
Bioinformatics analysis and hub gene identification	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.800	0.00	computational analysis of tran	proposed	N/A
APOE4 association with TDP-43 pathology in AD	exploratory	Alzheimer's disease	0.750	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
Proposed experiment from debate on Astrocytes adopt A1 (neurotoxic) an	falsification	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$100,000
Metabolic Pathway-Targeted Therapy in ALS	clinical	ALS	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Animal Model Comparison for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,100,000
Astrocyte Ferritin Iron Metabolism Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Mechanism: Selective Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinso	validation	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$3,000,000
Selective Vulnerability of Dopaminergic Neurons — Mechanism and Protec	validation	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$160,000
GLP-1 Agonist Neuroprotection Mechanism in PD	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
GLP-1 Agonist Responder Prediction Study — Precision Medicine for Neur	clinical	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Trehalose induces autophagy via lysosomal-mediated TFEB activation in models of [PMID:30335591]	Rusmini P, Cortese K, Crippa V, Cristofa	Autophagy	2019	2
Complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling pathway mediates abnormal microglial phagocytosi [PMID:38642614]	Han QQ, Shen SY, Liang LF, Chen XR, Yu J	Brain Behav Immun	2024	1
Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegenerat [PMID:37995685]	Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Dav	Neuron	2024	1
The cell biology of APOE in the brain. [PMID:37805344]	Windham IA, Cohen S	Trends Cell Biol	2024	1
The APOE-R136S mutation protects against APOE4-driven Tau pathology, neurodegene [PMID:37957317]	Maxine R Nelson, Peng Liu, Ayushi Agrawa	Nature neuroscience	2023	1
Metabolic orchestration of cell death by AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of RIPK1. [PMID:37384704]	Zhang T, Xu D, Trefts E, Lv M, Inuzuka H	Science	2023	1
APOE and Alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therape [PMID:33340485]	Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT	Lancet Neurol	2021	1
Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies. [PMID:31564456]	Long JM, Holtzman DM	Cell	2019	1
Metformin Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Activity through Activation of AMPK [PMID:31693892]	Wang Y, An H, Liu T, Qin C, Sesaki H, Gu	Cell Rep	2019	1
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease: pathobiology and targeting strategies. [PMID:31367008]	Yamazaki Y, Zhao N, Caulfield TR, Liu CC	Nat Rev Neurol	2019	1
AMPK-Mediated BECN1 Phosphorylation Promotes Ferroptosis by Directly Blocking Sy [PMID:30057310]	Song X, Zhu S, Chen P, Hou W, Wen Q, Liu	Curr Biol	2018	1
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Parkinson disease: a Parkin-AMPK alliance in neuro [PMID:26121488]	Hang L, Thundyil J, Lim KL	Ann N Y Acad Sci	2015	1
Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associate [PMID:41905188]	Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kr	The journal of prevention of A	2026	0
AMPKα1 Deficiency in Macrophages Impairs Tendon Regeneration and Tendon Stem Cel [PMID:41694579]	Zhu L, Wang Y, Shi X, Yu M, Cai X, Chen	International journal of biolo	2026	0
ASS1 Promotes Atherosclerotic Inflammation Through the NLRP3/IL-33/ST2 Axis in O [PMID:41914296]	Wu S, Han F, Qiao Z, Yuan S, Bian X, Zha	Frontiers in bioscience (Landm	2026	0
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals a cellular immune response in common [PMID:41692207]	Shi X, Ji G, Liu D, Zhao T, Tian S, Li S	International journal of biolo	2026	0
Farrerol ameliorates hepatic insulin resistance via AMPKα1/mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway: [PMID:41702183]	Li Y, Feng X, Zheng L	Tissue & cell	2026	0
Perioperative polygenic and APOE-based genetic risk assessment for neurocognitiv [PMID:40562635]	Thedim M, Hu J, Maher M, Wiener-Kronish	Br J Anaesth	2026	0
Increased genetic protection against Alzheimer's disease in centenarians. [PMID:40615639]	Bae H, Song Z, Ali A, Sasaki T, Tesi N e	Geroscience	2026	0
Integrative machine learning approach to risk prediction for dementia and Alzhei [PMID:40864401]	Stern A, Linial M	Geroscience	2026	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning PER in their description or question text

PER

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (15)

Technical Architecture

FNP-223 PROSPER Trial - Phase 2 in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

FNP-223 PROSPER Trial - Phase 2 in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Icaritin GPER Mitophagy for Parkinson's Disease

EIF2AK3 Protein (PERK)

GPER (G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor) Neurons

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (785)

Incoming (378)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (20)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (0)

Related Research

AMPK hypersensitivity in astrocytes creates enhanced mitochondrial rescue respon

TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Disrupts Perivascular Tau Clearance

ALOX15-Driven Enzymatic Ferroptosis in AD Oligodendrocytes via PUFA-PE Peroxidat

APOE4 Allosteric Rescue via Small Molecule Chaperones

cGAS-STING Pathway Hyperactivation Mediates Tau Propagation

Iron-driven lipid peroxidation and GPX4 failure create a ferroptotic amplificati

miR-33 Antisense Oligonucleotide Hyper-Lipidation Strategy

NRF2 failure lowers antioxidant reserve and permits recurrent mitochondrial ROS

Senescence-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Spreading

Proteostasis Enhancement via APOE Chaperone Targeting

TBK1 Loss-of-Function Amplifies C1q-Mediated Synapse Elimination Through Type I

APOE4-driven pericyte injury/senescence is an upstream driver of early BBB break

ASO-Mediated Exon Skipping to Restore FUS-TAZ Chaperone Axis

NLRP3 Inflammasome Lock Perpetuates Senescence-Associated Inflammasome Phenotype

PER

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (15)

Technical Architecture

FNP-223 PROSPER Trial - Phase 2 in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

FNP-223 PROSPER Trial - Phase 2 in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Icaritin GPER Mitophagy for Parkinson's Disease

EIF2AK3 Protein (PERK)

GPER (G-Protein Coupled Estrogen Receptor) Neurons

PERK Protein

PER3 Gene

PER2 Gene

SCAPER Gene

PER3 Protein

RBM39 Protein (CAPER)

PER1 Protein

PER2 Protein

PER1 Gene

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (785)

Incoming (378)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (20)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (0)

Related Research

AMPK hypersensitivity in astrocytes creates enhanced mitochondrial rescue respon

TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Disrupts Perivascular Tau Clearance

ALOX15-Driven Enzymatic Ferroptosis in AD Oligodendrocytes via PUFA-PE Peroxidat

APOE4 Allosteric Rescue via Small Molecule Chaperones

cGAS-STING Pathway Hyperactivation Mediates Tau Propagation

Iron-driven lipid peroxidation and GPX4 failure create a ferroptotic amplificati

miR-33 Antisense Oligonucleotide Hyper-Lipidation Strategy

NRF2 failure lowers antioxidant reserve and permits recurrent mitochondrial ROS

Senescence-Induced Lipid Peroxidation Spreading

Proteostasis Enhancement via APOE Chaperone Targeting

TBK1 Loss-of-Function Amplifies C1q-Mediated Synapse Elimination Through Type I

APOE4-driven pericyte injury/senescence is an upstream driver of early BBB break

ASO-Mediated Exon Skipping to Restore FUS-TAZ Chaperone Axis

NLRP3 Inflammasome Lock Perpetuates Senescence-Associated Inflammasome Phenotype