gene

NEURON

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about NEURON: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

9843Connections

30Hypotheses

1Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

2Experiments

1Debates

Summary

Neurons are the fundamental information-processing cells of the nervous system, transmitting electrical and chemical signals across synapses. The human brain contains approximately 86 billion neurons organized into circuits for perception, cognition, and motor control. Key subtypes include excitatory glutamatergic pyramidal neurons, inhibitory GABAergic interneurons (parvalbumin+, somatostatin+, VIP+), dopaminergic neurons (substantia nigra, VTA), and cholinergic neurons (basal forebrain). Selective neuronal vulnerability is a hallmark of neurodegeneration: entorhinal cortex layer II neurons in AD, dopaminergic neurons in PD, motor neurons in ALS, and medium spiny neurons in HD. Neuronal loss correlates more strongly with cognitive decline than amyloid plaques, driving interest in neuroprotective strategies.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	NEURON
Protein Type	Enzyme
Function	Alternative splicing regulation
Primary Expression	neuroendocrine cells) \|
Molecular Weight	45 kDa
Amino Acids	433 aa
Pathways	NEURODEGENERATION, NEUROINFLAMMATION
GeneCards	NEURON
Human Protein Atlas	NEURON
Role	Complements TIA-1 in SG formation
Domain structure	Multiple RNA-binding domains, IDR
Phosphorylation	Regulates SG formation
Disease mutations	ALS-associated G3BP1/2 mutations affect SG dynamics
Alternative splicing	TIA-1 and TIA1R variants
Pathology	TIA-1 positive inclusions in ALS/FTD
Associated Diseases	Aging, Als, Alzheimer, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Known Drugs/Compounds	APIGENIN, DESCHLOROCLOZAPINE, DONEPEZIL, EDARAVONE, FINGOLIMOD, LEVODOPA
Interactions	6-OHDA, AADC, ABCA1, ACAT1, ACHE, ACTB
KG Connections	5389 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

Wiki Pages (1)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Stress Granule Formation in Neurodegeneration

cell · 1834 words

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Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"associated with"| Parkinson["Parkinson"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"causes"| Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
        AUTOPHAGY["AUTOPHAGY"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        NEUROINFLAMMATION_2["NEUROINFLAMMATION"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        APOPTOSIS["APOPTOSIS"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        MICROGLIA_3["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
        ALS["ALS"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
    end
    subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Neurodegeneration_1["Neurodegeneration"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Dementia["Dementia"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Mtor["Mtor"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| Aging["Aging"]
        NEURON["NEURON"] -->|"activates"| NEUROINFLAMMATION["NEUROINFLAMMATION"]
    end
    style NEURON fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
    style Parkinson fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Neurodegeneration fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Neurodegeneration_1 fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Alzheimer fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Dementia fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Mtor fill:#1b5e20,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style Aging fill:#ef5350,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEUROINFLAMMATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style AUTOPHAGY fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEUROINFLAMMATION_2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style APOPTOSIS fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style MICROGLIA_3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style NEURODEGENERATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
    style ALS fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (3008)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Oxidative Stress	activates	pathway	1.00
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	associated_with	disease	1.00
Dementia	causes	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	causes	disease	1.00
Aging	activates	disease	1.00
Dementia	activates	disease	1.00
Inflammation	regulates	disease	1.00
Mtor	activates	pathway	1.00
Mitophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Parkinson	activates	disease	1.00
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	inhibits	disease	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
Als	regulates	disease	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	1.00
Aging	inhibits	disease	1.00
Autophagy	activates	pathway	1.00
Alzheimer	activates	disease	1.00
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	associated_with	disease	1.00
Dementia	associated_with	disease	1.00
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	1.00
Parkinson	associated_with	disease	1.00
Stem Cell	activates	pathway	1.00
Als	associated_with	disease	1.00
Als	expressed_in	disease	1.00
Toll-Like Receptor	activates	pathway	1.00
Complement	activates	pathway	1.00
MTOR	activates	gene	1.00
Parkinson	causes	disease	0.95
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	activates	disease	0.95
Inflammation	associated_with	disease	0.95
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	causes	disease	0.95
Stroke	activates	disease	0.95
Alzheimer	regulates	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	regulates	disease	0.95
OLIGODENDROCYTES	activates	cell_type	0.95
TDP-43	interacts_with	gene	0.95
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	activates	process	0.95
OLIGODENDROCYTES	regulates	cell_type	0.95
STEM CELLS	activates	cell_type	0.95
SNCA	associated_with	gene	0.90
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	pathway	0.90
Infralimbic Cortex	expressed_in	brain_region	0.90

Incoming (6835)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
MICROGLIA	associated_with	gene	1.00
CYTOKINES	activates	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
NF-ΚB	activates	gene	1.00
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	activates	gene	1.00
TAU	associated_with	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	activates	gene	1.00
TARDBP	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	activates	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	gene	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	1.00
PARKINSON	activates	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTE	activates	cell_type	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	activates	gene	1.00
OXIDATIVE STRESS	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	associated_with	gene	1.00
SOD1	associated_with	gene	1.00
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	activates	gene	1.00
ALS	activates	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA	activates	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	gene	1.00
optogenetic stimulation	targets	process	1.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	gene	1.00
PARKINSON	associated_with	gene	1.00
GENES	activates	gene	1.00
ALS	associated_with	gene	1.00
MOTOR NEURONS	associated_with	gene	1.00
MICROGLIA ACTIVATION	activates	gene	1.00
GENES	expressed_in	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS	activates	gene	1.00
COMPLEMENT	activates	gene	1.00
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	associated_with	gene	1.00
ROS	activates	gene	1.00
APP	associated_with	gene	0.98
MICROGLIA	inhibits	cell_type	0.98
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	0.98
NEURODEGENERATION	activates	gene	0.98
Autophagy	expressed_in	pathway	0.95
ALPHA-SYNUCLEIN	associated_with	gene	0.95
Neurotrophins	regulates	protein	0.95
NEUROGENESIS	associated_with	process	0.95
ENDOTHELIAL CELLS	interacts_with	cell_type	0.95
Parthanatos	causes	pathway	0.95

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.948	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.944	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons	0.927	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.922	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.912	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneur	0.900	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block t	0.896	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance	0.867	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi	0.863	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneuro	0.863	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.858	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress	0.857	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-br	0.846	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi	0.845	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated	0.843	molecular neurobiology	View
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to	0.831	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targe	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Beta-frequency entrainment therapy targeting PV interneuron-	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
SLC7A11 System Activation Restores Cystine Uptake and GSH Sy	0.812	neurodegeneration	View
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV	0.797	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
NMN Supplementation Restores SIRT1/p66Shc/FOXO3 Epigenetic A	0.790	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons
Excitatory Neuron Synaptic Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Str	0.790	neurodegeneration	Cell type vulnerability debate in Alzhei
Closed-loop transcranial alternating current stimulation to	0.785	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST in	0.784	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Prefrontal sensory gating circuit restoration via PV interne	0.775	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.767	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
APOE4 astrocytes exhibit impaired cholesterol efflux via ABC	0.760	neuroscience	APOE4-driven lipid metabolism dysregulat
C1QA/C1QB Subunit-Specific Inhibition to Block Aberrant PV I	0.747	neurodegeneration	Are interneuron oscillation deficits com
BACE1/NRG1 Axis Dysfunction Drives Excitatory/Inhibitory Imb	0.743	neurodegeneration	What are the physiological functions of

Mentioning Analyses (1)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 18 hypotheses Top: 0.847

Experiments (2)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn	clinical	Alzheimer's disease and relate	0.950	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
SIRPα modulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease	validation	Alzheimer's disease	0.900	0.00	mouse models of Alzheimer's di	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (5)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting [PMID:38513667]	Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H,	Neuron	2024
The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disea [PMID:38852117]	Balusu S, De Strooper B	Acta neuropathologica	2024
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:34069890]	Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, Gonzále	Cells	2021
Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in tra [PMID:17021169]	["Oakley, Holly", "Cole, Sarah L", "Loga	The Journal of neuroscience :	2006
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road [PMID:12130773]	["Hardy, John", "Selkoe, Dennis J"]	Science (New York, N.Y.)	2002

Debates (1)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

What cell types are most vulnerable in Alzheimers Disease based on SEA-AD transc

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-03

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning NEURON in their description or question text

NEURON

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (1)

Stress Granule Formation in Neurodegeneration

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (3008)

Incoming (6835)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (1)

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)

Experiments (2)

Related Papers (5)

Debates (1)

What cell types are most vulnerable in Alzheimers Disease based on SEA-AD transc

Related Research

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to restore gamma

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block tau propagation and r

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance perisomatic inhibiti

Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations via selective PV inter

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneurons to restore theta-

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscilla

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress burst firing and bl

Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-brain barrier opening

Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations via selective SST inte

Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated Autophagy Through PV

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to restore gamma rhyth

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscilla

Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST inter

Beta-frequency entrainment therapy targeting PV interneuron-astrocyte coupling f

SLC7A11 System Activation Restores Cystine Uptake and GSH Synthesis to Prevent N