concept

INTERNEURONS

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about INTERNEURONS: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

334Connections

30Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

4Experiments

0Debates

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💡 Concept Info

Name	INTERNEURONS
Key Genes/Proteins	AMYLOID, APP, arnt2
Related Diseases	ACETYLCHOLINE, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, ASTROGLIOSIS, AUTISM

Wiki Pages (1)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Interneurons

cell · 811 words

→

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    INTERNEURONS["INTERNEURONS"]
    INTERNEURONS -->|"interacts"| NEURON["NEURON"]
    INTERNEURONS -->|"promotes"| NEURONS["NEURONS"]
    CORTEX["CORTEX"] -->|"expressed in"| INTERNEURONS
    INTERNEURON["INTERNEURON"] -->|"promotes"| INTERNEURONS
    HIPPOCAMPUS["HIPPOCAMPUS"] -->|"expressed in"| INTERNEURONS

Outgoing (99)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
NEURON	interacts_with	cell_type	0.95
Neuronal Excitation-Inhibition Balance	modulates	process	0.90
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	activates	phenotype	0.70
ACETYLCHOLINE	inhibits	phenotype	0.70
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	inhibits	phenotype	0.70
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	produces	phenotype	0.70
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	protects_against	phenotype	0.70
NEURONS	associated_with	cell_type	0.65
NEURON	associated_with	cell_type	0.65
SEPSIS	regulates	disease	0.65
NEURON	inhibits	cell_type	0.65
NEURONS	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	causes	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	causes	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	protects_against	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	protects_against	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	regulates	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	regulates	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	targets	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	targets	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	activates	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	activates	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
SYN1	expressed_in	gene	0.60
PYRAMIDAL	regulates	cell_type	0.60
PYRAMIDAL	causes	cell_type	0.60
PREFRONTAL	activates	brain_region	0.60
PREFRONTAL	inhibits	brain_region	0.60
NEURODEGENERATION	biomarker_for	disease	0.60
NEURON	biomarker_for	cell_type	0.60
NEURONS	biomarker_for	cell_type	0.60
THALAMUS	associated_with	brain_region	0.60
CORTEX	participates_in	brain_region	0.55
OXIDATIVE STRESS	co_discussed	entity	0.50
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	co_discussed	entity	0.50
NEURON	co_discussed	cell_type	0.50
LRRK2	co_discussed	entity	0.50
ISCHEMIA	co_discussed	entity	0.50
NEURODEGENERATION	co_discussed	entity	0.50
MS	co_discussed	entity	0.50
PREFRONTAL	co_discussed	entity	0.50
SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY	co_discussed	entity	0.50
CA1	associated_with	brain_region	0.50
SLEEP	co_discussed	entity	0.50
L-DOPA	associated_with	drug	0.50
NEURONS	co_discussed	cell_type	0.50
TDP-43	co_discussed	entity	0.50
TAU	co_discussed	entity	0.50
THALAMUS	co_discussed	entity	0.50
SYNAPSE	co_discussed	entity	0.50

Incoming (235)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
CORTEX	expressed_in	brain_region	0.95
schizophrenia	affects	disease	0.90
SST	regulates	gene	0.90
SST	associated_with	gene	0.80
autism	affects	disease	0.80
SST	interacts_with	gene	0.80
PVALB	regulates	gene	0.80
SST	expressed_in	gene	0.80
neurodegeneration	affects	disease	0.70
NEURONS	associated_with	cell_type	0.70
epilepsy	affects	disease	0.70
axon	found_in	organelle	0.70
PVALB	associated_with	gene	0.70
SST	inhibits	gene	0.70
BDNF	regulates	gene	0.70
PVALB	expressed_in	gene	0.70
neuroinflammation	affects	disease	0.70
Alzheimer's disease	affects	disease	0.70
synaptic plasticity	active_in	pathway	0.70
MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION	causes	phenotype	0.70
CA3	activates	brain_region	0.70
LRRK2	inhibits	gene	0.65
CORTEX	targets	brain_region	0.65
VALPROATE	modifies	drug	0.65
CHROMATIN REMODELING	regulates	phenotype	0.65
INTERNEURON	associated_with	cell_type	0.65
GABA	produces	phenotype	0.65
CA3	targets	brain_region	0.65
BDNF	targets	gene	0.65
NEUROGENESIS	produces	phenotype	0.65
HIPPOCAMPUS	expressed_in	brain_region	0.65
GDNF	associated_with	gene	0.65
CORTEX	activates	brain_region	0.60
GABAERGIC	activates	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	activates	cell_type	0.60
AUTISM	associated_with	disease	0.60
CORTEX	regulates	brain_region	0.60
INTERNEURON	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	causes	cell_type	0.60
CHOLINERGIC	expressed_in	cell_type	0.60
CHOLINERGIC	contributes_to	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	protects_against	cell_type	0.60
GABAERGIC	targets	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	regulates	cell_type	0.60
INTERNEURON	targets	cell_type	0.60
APP	targets	gene	0.60
GDNF	regulates	gene	0.60
GDNF	associated_with	gene	0.60
RELN	regulates	gene	0.60
RELN	expressed_in	gene	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.968	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.959	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II parvalbumin interneurons to	0.869	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II PV interneuro	0.863	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targe	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress	0.811	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV	0.797	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST in	0.784	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block t	0.752	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneur	0.748	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons	0.729	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II	0.712	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting of PV interneurons to rest	0.633	ALS	-
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting motor	0.633	ALS	-
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance	0.596	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II somatostatin interneurons t	0.564	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting entorh	0.564	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Co-release from PV Interneurons Modulat	0.560	Alzheimer's disease	Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV int
Real-time closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound target	0.559	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi	0.555	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma-Entrained PV Interneurons Enable p-tau217-Guided Preci	0.547	molecular neurobiology	View
Real-time closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound target	0.542	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
APOE4 astrocytes fail to supply sufficient cholesterol to pa	0.500	neuroscience	APOE4-driven lipid metabolism dysregulat
Gamma-Entrained PV Interneurons Enable Precision p-tau217-Gu	0.464	molecular neurobiology	View
PGC1α Activation in PV+ Interneurons Bypasses Mitophagy Defi	0.455	neurodegeneration	Why does PRKN-mediated mitophagy, typica
Closed-loop tFUS targeting of EC-II SST interneurons to prev	0.403	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
CREB1-Induced lncRNA-9969 Selectively Sequesters miR-6361 Th	0.380	molecular neurobiology	How does lncRNA-0021 achieve sequence-sp
CREB1-Induced lncRNA-9969 Selectively Binds miR-6361 Through	0.380	molecular neurobiology	How does lncRNA-0021 achieve sequence-sp
Theta-Gamma Cross-Frequency Coupling Modulates lncRNA-9969 P	0.380	molecular neurobiology	View

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (4)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn	clinical	Alzheimer's disease and relate	0.950	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
Epigenetic clocks association with brain aging patterns in older women	exploratory	cognitive impairment and demen	0.900	0.00	human patients	proposed	N/A
Closed-loop tFUS Enhances Glymphatic Clearance and Restores CA1 PV Int	in_vivo	Alzheimer's disease	0.765	0.55	APP/PS1 mice 8-11 months (n=10	abandoned	$125,000
tFUS Targeting EC-II SST Interneurons Restores Hippocampal-Prefrontal	in_vivo	Alzheimer's disease	0.744	0.48	hAPP-J20 mice (n=10/group x 3	abandoned	$110,000

Related Papers (12)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Retinal Müller glia alterations and their impact on ocular glymphatic clearance [PMID:41603340]	Das G, Raghunathan R, Wang L	J Alzheimers Dis	2026
The Glymphatic-Venous Axis in Brain Clearance Failure: Aquaporin-4 Dysfunction, [PMID:41226584]	["Costea D", "Dobrin N", "Tataru C", "To	International journal of molec	2025
Longitudinal changes of blood-brain barrier and transcytolemmal water exchange p [PMID:40089221]	Xiong C, Yu Z, Yin Y	Neuroimage	2025
Targeting Neural Oscillations for Cognitive Enhancement in Alzheimer’s Disease [PMID:40142358]	Federica Palacino, P. Manganotti, A. Ben	{'name': 'Medicina', 'volume':	2025
The future of biomarkers for vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and [PMID:40542975]	Lennon MJ, Karvelas N, Ganesh A	Geroscience	2025
P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease, and targeting [PMID:38513667]	Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H,	Neuron	2024
The necroptosis cell death pathway drives neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disea [PMID:38852117]	Balusu S, De Strooper B	Acta neuropathologica	2024
Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Mellitus in Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:34069890]	Burillo J, Marqués P, Jiménez B, Gonzále	Cells	2021
Impact of 40 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Cerebral Tau Bur [PMID:34958021]	M. Dhaynaut, G. Sprugnoli, D. Cappon	{'name': "Journal of Alzheimer	2021
Improvement of glymphatic-lymphatic drainage of beta-amyloid by focused ultrasou [PMID:32999351]	Lee Y, Choi Y, Park EJ	Sci Rep	2020
Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in tra [PMID:17021169]	["Oakley, Holly", "Cole, Sarah L", "Loga	The Journal of neuroscience :	2006
The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road [PMID:12130773]	["Hardy, John", "Selkoe, Dennis J"]	Science (New York, N.Y.)	2002

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning INTERNEURONS in their description or question text

Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST inter

Score: 0.827 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Real-time gamma-guided transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to resto

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress burst firing and bl

Score: 0.811 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to suppress burst firing and block tau propagat

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons with r

Score: 0.797 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons with real-time gamma f

Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST interneurons to activa

Score: 0.784 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting entorhinal cortex layer II SST interneurons to activate AMPK-autophag

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block tau propagation and r

Score: 0.752 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II SST interneurons to block tau propagation and restore perforant

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to restore gamma

Score: 0.748 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to restore gamma gating and bloc

Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons to restore theta-ga

Score: 0.729 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons to restore theta-gamma coupling and

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to

Score: 0.712 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II SST interneurons to prevent tau prop

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance perisomatic inhibiti

Score: 0.596 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II PV interneurons to enhance perisomatic inhibition and block tau

Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II somatostatin interneurons to restore dendritic

Score: 0.564 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-20

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop tACS targeting EC-II somatostatin interneurons to restore dendritic integration and

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting entorhinal PV interneurons

Score: 0.564 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-20

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting entorhinal PV interneurons to restore Anky

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Co-release from PV Interneurons Modulates Aβ Toxicity

Score: 0.560 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-28

PV interneurons co-release NPY, which signals via Y1 receptors on excitatory terminals to suppress glutamate release and

Real-time closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting PVALB interneuro

Score: 0.559 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Real-time closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting PVALB interneurons with continuo