concept

RETINA

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about RETINA: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

108Connections

2Hypotheses

0Analyses

32Outgoing

50Incoming

5Experiments

0Debates

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💡 Concept Info

Name	RETINA
Key Genes/Proteins	AMYLOID, AQP4, C1Q, CASP3, CGAS
Related Diseases	AGING, ALS, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, APOPTOSIS
Related Pathways	CALCIUM SIGNALING

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    RETINA["RETINA"]
    RETINA -.biomarker for.-> Alzheimer_s_Disease["Alzheimer's Disease"]
    RETINA -->|"activates"| SPINAL_CORD["SPINAL CORD"]
    RETINA -->|"implicated in"| T_CELLS["T CELLS"]
    RETINA -->|"causes"| RETINAL_DEGENERATION["RETINAL DEGENERATION"]
    RETINA -->|"activates"| STROKE["STROKE"]
    AMYLOID_BETA["AMYLOID BETA"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    TAU_PROTEIN["TAU PROTEIN"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    HCN1["HCN1"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    P62["P62"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    Complement_System["Complement System"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    ABCA4["ABCA4"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    PARK7["PARK7"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA
    MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"expressed in"| RETINA

Outgoing (32)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Alzheimer's Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.80
RETINOPATHY	causes	disease	0.65
NEURONS	produces	cell_type	0.65
OBESITY	interacts_with	disease	0.65
VISUAL CORTEX	activates	brain_region	0.65
GABA	inhibits	phenotype	0.65
NEURONS	causes	cell_type	0.65
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION	inhibits	phenotype	0.65
GLAUCOMA	causes	disease	0.65
NEURODEGENERATION	interacts_with	phenotype	0.65
AMYLOID	targets	protein	0.60
TREGS	associated_with	cell_type	0.50
HDAC3	associated_with	gene	0.50
GABA	associated_with	phenotype	0.50
ALS	associated_with	disease	0.50
AGING	associated_with	phenotype	0.50
MOG	associated_with	gene	0.50
CORTEX	associated_with	brain_region	0.45
TAU	associated_with	protein	0.45
AQP4	associated_with	gene	0.45
NLRP3	associated_with	gene	0.45
HK2	associated_with	gene	0.45
VISUAL CORTEX	associated_with	brain_region	0.45
CSF	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
CGAS	associated_with	gene	0.45
STING	associated_with	gene	0.45
P38	associated_with	gene	0.45
P2RX7	associated_with	gene	0.45
T CELLS	implicated_in	cell_type	0.35
STROKE	activates	disease	0.35
RETINAL DEGENERATION	causes	disease	0.35
SPINAL CORD	activates	brain_region	0.35

Incoming (76)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
HCN1	expressed_in	entity	0.90
HCN1	expressed_in	gene	0.90
Amyloid Deposits	biomarker_for	biomarker	0.90
AMYLOID BETA	expressed_in	protein	0.90
TAU PROTEIN	expressed_in	protein	0.90
Reduced Blood Flow	associated_with	phenotype	0.90
P62	expressed_in	protein	0.90
Mitochondrial Dysfunction	associated_with	process	0.85
Intestinal Bacteria	transports	compound	0.85
Vasculopathy	biomarker_for	phenotype	0.85
Dysregulated Proteins	expressed_in	biomarker	0.80
ABCA4	expressed_in	gene	0.75
HDAC3	regulates	gene	0.65
ALZHEIMER	activates	disease	0.65
GABA	regulates	phenotype	0.65
HDAC3	protects_against	gene	0.65
INFLAMMATION	protects_against	phenotype	0.65
MITOPHAGY	stabilizes	phenotype	0.60
TREGS	targets	cell_type	0.60
PARK7	expressed_in	gene	0.60
AQP4	implicated_in	gene	0.55
NEURON	associated_with	cell_type	0.50
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION	associated_with	phenotype	0.50
DEMYELINATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.50
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	cell_type	0.50
OBESITY	associated_with	disease	0.50
MICROGLIA	expressed_in	cell_type	0.50
MICROGLIAL ACTIVATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.50
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	disease	0.50
NLRP3 INFLAMMASOME	associated_with	pathway	0.45
MICROGLIA	associated_with	cell_type	0.45
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS	associated_with	disease	0.45
NEURONS	associated_with	cell_type	0.45
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	disease	0.45
AMYLOID	associated_with	protein	0.45
ISCHEMIA	associated_with	disease	0.45
DIABETES	associated_with	disease	0.45
GLAUCOMA	associated_with	disease	0.45
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
RETINOPATHY	associated_with	disease	0.45
MACULAR DEGENERATION	associated_with	disease	0.45
AUTOPHAGY	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
DEMENTIA	associated_with	disease	0.45
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
ASTROCYTE	associated_with	cell_type	0.45
CALCIUM SIGNALING	associated_with	pathway	0.45
STING PATHWAY	associated_with	pathway	0.45
INFLAMMATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.45
STROKE	associated_with	disease	0.45

Targeting Hypotheses (2)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Retinal Vascular Microcirculation Rescue	0.718	neurodegeneration	Digital biomarkers and AI-driven early d
Transient OCT4/SOX2/KLF4/c-MYC Expression Reverses Epigeneti	0.540	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (5)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Proposed experiment from debate on Perivascular spaces and glymphatic	falsification	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$100,000
Blood-Brain Barrier Aging and Neurodegeneration — From Leakage to Neur	validation	Neurodegeneration	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$130,000
Prodromal Parkinson's Disease Biomarker Development — Early Detection	clinical	Parkinson's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
Vascular Contribution to Alzheimer's Disease — Beyond Amyloid	validation	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$2,280,000
Vascular Contributions to Alzheimer Disease and Mixed Pathology	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (18)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Pericyte-derived extracellular vesicles improve vascular barrier function in sep [PMID:39940043]	Zhang ZS, Yang A, Luo X, Zhou HN, Liu YY	Stem Cell Res Ther	2025	1
Irisin promotes fracture healing by improving osteogenesis and angiogenesis. [PMID:36196152]	Kan T, He Z, Du J, Xu M, Cui J, Han X, T	J Orthop Translat	2022	1
STING activation reprograms tumor vasculatures and synergizes with VEGFR2 blocka [PMID:31343989]	Yang H, Lee WS, Kong SJ, Kim CG, Kim JH,	J Clin Invest	2019	1
Astrocyte-Glioblastoma Stem Cell Interactions via Extracellular Vesicles Contrib [PMID:41712235]	Shirai Y, Tsuda M, Wang L, Oda Y, Sugizn	Pathology international	2026	0
Targeting hyperactive platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β signaling in T-c [PMID:37941480]	["De Coninck S", "De Smedt R", "Linterma	Haematologica	2024	0
The ten genes for breast (and ovarian) cancer susceptibility. [PMID:33692540]	William D Foulkes	Nature reviews. Clinical oncol	2021	0
Nasal and lip polyps: Pai syndrome. [PMID:31196564]	Cinthia Giselle Pérez; Sandra Carrera Fe	Acta otorrinolaringologica esp	2021	0
Observation of Magic Number Clusters from Thermal Dissociation Molecular Dynamic [PMID:32286071]	["Zhang J", "Bogdanov B", "Parkins A", "	The journal of physical chemis	2020	0
Reciprocal associations between depression, anxiety and work-related injury. [PMID:31685530]	["Gerasimaviciute V", "B\u00fcltmann U",	Injury prevention : journal of	2020	0
Crenolanib-Derived Probes Suitable for Cell- and Tissue-Based Protein Profiling [PMID:30942519]	["Chang Y", "Zhu D", "Guo H", "Yin X", "	Chembiochem : a European journ	2019	0
Layer-specific integration of locomotion and sensory information in mouse barrel [PMID:31197148]	["Ayaz A", "St\u00e4uble A", "Hamada M",	Nature communications	2019	0
Bright spots physical activity investments that work: Youth-Physical Activity To [PMID:30315116]	Sarahjane Belton; Wesley O'Brien; Jamie	British journal of sports medi	2018	0
Somatic APP gene recombination in Alzheimer's disease and normal neurons. [PMID:30464338]	["Lee M", "Siddoway B", "Kaeser G", "Seg	Nature	2018	0
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Regulate OPG through Inhibition of PDGFRβ. [PMID:27737004]	["O'Sullivan S", "Tay M", "Lin J", "Bava	PloS one	2016	0
Experiences With Aggressive Cardiac Rehabilitation in Pediatric Patients Receivi [PMID:27829640]	["Amao R", "Imamura T", "Sawada Y", "End	International heart journal	2016	0
Platelet-derived growth factor BB and DD and angiopoietin1 are altered in follic [PMID:24889290]	Scotti L, Parborell F, Irusta G, De Zuñi	Molecular reproduction and dev	2014	0
PKM2 enters the morpheein academy. [PMID:22405271]	["Semenova G", "Chernoff J"]	Molecular cell	2012	0
Recombinant angiopoietin-1 restores higher-order architecture of growing blood v [PMID:12464667]	Uemura A, Ogawa M, Hirashima M, Fujiwara	The Journal of clinical invest	2002	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning RETINA in their description or question text

No additional research found