concept

PD

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about PD: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

921Connections

30Hypotheses

16Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

3Experiments

18Debates

Summary

PD is a concept in neurodegeneration research. Key relationships include: implicated in, causes, associated with. Associated with DEPRESSION, T2DM, synucleinopathies. Connected to 53 entities in the SciDEX knowledge graph.

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💡 Concept Info

Name	PD
Key Genes/Proteins	263BP_ALLELE, 265BP_ALLELE, 267BP_ALLELE, 269BP_ALLELE, 271BP_ALLELE, 273BP_ALLELE
Related Diseases	AGE
Linked Hypotheses	44 hypotheses

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    PD["PD"]
    PD -->|"causes"| NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"]
    PD -->|"causes"| DOPAMINERGIC_NEURONS["DOPAMINERGIC_NEURONS"]
    PD -->|"contributes to"| synucleinopathies["synucleinopathies"]
    PD -->|"causes"| neurodegeneration["neurodegeneration"]
    NEUROINFLAMMATION["NEUROINFLAMMATION"] -->|"contributes to"| PD
    SNCA["SNCA"] -->|"causes"| PD
    LRRK2["LRRK2"] -->|"causes"| PD
    GBA1["GBA1"] -->|"causes"| PD
    PRKN["PRKN"] -->|"causes"| PD
    PINK1["PINK1"] -->|"causes"| PD
    PARK7["PARK7"] -->|"causes"| PD
    VPS35["VPS35"] -->|"causes"| PD
    alpha_synuclein["alpha_synuclein"] -->|"causes"| PD
    neurodegeneration -->|"causes"| PD
    haploinsufficiency["haploinsufficiency"] -->|"causes"| PD
    protein_truncating_variants["protein_truncating_variants"] -->|"causes"| PD

Outgoing (213)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
NEURODEGENERATION	causes	phenotype	0.87
DOPAMINERGIC_NEURONS	causes	cell_type	0.87
synucleinopathies	contributes_to	disease	0.76
neurodegeneration	causes	phenotype	0.72
DEPRESSION	associated_with	disease	0.64
T2DM	associated_with	disease	0.64
PYROPTOSIS	activates	pathway	0.60
VCP	co_discussed	gene	0.60
RB1	activates	gene	0.60
SIRT1	activates	gene	0.60
TFEB	activates	gene	0.60
TP53	activates	gene	0.60
PLP1	activates	gene	0.60
SNCA	causes	gene	0.60
SNCA	expresses	gene	0.60
TH	activates	gene	0.60
STING	inhibits	gene	0.60
STING	causes	gene	0.60
SNCA	associated_with	gene	0.60
SOD2	co_discussed	gene	0.60
TH	co_discussed	gene	0.60
PI3K/AKT/MTOR	inhibits	pathway	0.60
RIPK1	associated_with	gene	0.60
RIPK3	associated_with	gene	0.60
STING	expresses	gene	0.60
PINK1	regulates	gene	0.60
TNF	inhibits	gene	0.60
PINK1	interacts_with	gene	0.60
ULK1	regulates	gene	0.60
ULK1	targets	gene	0.60
RAS	co_discussed	gene	0.60
STING	markers	gene	0.60
TREM2	mediates	gene	0.60
PYROPTOSIS	co_discussed	pathway	0.60
TREM2	associated_with	gene	0.60
TREM2	co_discussed	gene	0.60
SOD1	co_discussed	gene	0.60
SQSTM1	interacts_with	gene	0.60
TH	inhibits	gene	0.60
ULK1	co_discussed	gene	0.60
RAS	activates	gene	0.60
TLR4	associated_with	gene	0.60
SNCA	markers	gene	0.60
PSEN2	associated_with	gene	0.60
PSEN2	regulates	gene	0.60
SOD1	interacts_with	gene	0.60
SQSTM1	co_discussed	gene	0.60
TFEB	expresses	gene	0.60
TFEB	protects_against	gene	0.60
VPS35	interacts_with	gene	0.60

Incoming (708)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
26655867	was common in	paper	0.90
GBA1 mutations	increases_risk	gene	0.90
therapeutics-adenosine-a2a-receptor-antagonists-pd	describes	wiki	0.90
TNF	associated_with	entity	0.85
PARKIN	associated_with	entity	0.85
PINK1	associated_with	entity	0.85
SNCA	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.84
MAPT	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.82
TREM2	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.80
NRF2	protects_against	entity	0.80
NLRP3	associated_with	entity	0.80
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.79
NLRP3	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.79
PINK1	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.78
TP53	regulates	gene	0.75
TBK1	cross_disease_mechanism_in	gene_or_pathway	0.73
GBA1	causes	gene	0.72
PRKN	causes	gene	0.72
PINK1	causes	gene	0.72
SNCA	causes	gene	0.72
PARK7	causes	gene	0.72
alpha_synuclein	causes	protein	0.72
neurodegeneration	causes	phenotype	0.72
VPS35	causes	gene	0.72
LRRK2	causes	gene	0.72
haploinsufficiency	causes	phenotype	0.68
protein_truncating_variants	causes	phenotype	0.68
entities-ltp	associated_with	wiki	0.65
269BP_ALLELE	activates	gene	0.64
265BP_ALLELE	activates	gene	0.64
EPS	treats	drug	0.64
PD_ProS	associated_with	phenotype	0.64
267BP_ALLELE	inhibits	gene	0.64
T2DM	associated_with	disease	0.64
271BP_ALLELE	activates	gene	0.64
AGE	associated_with	phenotype	0.64
RAC1	associated_with	gene	0.60
TPM2	associated_with	gene	0.60
ASTROCYTE	expresses	cell_type	0.60
FTD	expresses	gene	0.60
PARKINSON DISEASE	regulates	disease	0.60
PARK7	co_discussed	gene	0.60
AD	markers	gene	0.60
ASTROCYTES	activates	cell_type	0.60
AD	targets	gene	0.60
FTD	regulates	gene	0.60
FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA	regulates	disease	0.60
INFLAMMASOME	regulates	pathway	0.60
NEURONS	targets	cell_type	0.60
NEURON	targets	cell_type	0.60

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
SNCA conformer propagation across PD, DLB, and MSA	0.820	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
MAPT tau seeding and release across AD, FTD, and PD-spectrum	0.812	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
TREM2-APOE microglial state switching across AD, ALS, and PD	0.804	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
NLRP3 inflammasome amplification across AD and PD proteinopa	0.800	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
PINK1/Parkin mitophagy failure across PD, AD, and ALS	0.796	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis

PINK1/Parkin–TREM2 Axis: Convergent Mitophagy Failure Unifie	0.780	neurodegeneration	-
SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resil	0.778	neurodegeneration	Gut Microbiome Analysis in Parkinson's D
TBK1-OPTN-p62 selective autophagy failure across ALS, FTD, a	0.776	multi	Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanis
Synaptic Vesicle Cycle Hijacking: Shared Convergent Mechanis	0.760	neurodegeneration	-
PDE4 Inhibition as Inflammatory Reset for PD Oligodendrocyte	0.749	neuroinflammation	How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroin
Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Preced	0.745	-	What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
PD-Associated GWAS Variants in CTSO and CTSF Genes Create a	0.743	neurodegeneration	-
SMPD1 (Acid Sphingomyelinase) Inhibition for Ceramide Reduct	0.732	neurodegeneration	How do sphingomyelin/ceramide ratios spe
NRF2 Activation Provides Neuroprotection Across ALS, AD, and	0.710	neurodegeneration	Test Preregistration Analysis
Soluble PDGFRβ as a Peripheral Indicator of Pericyte-Mediate	0.705	-	What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut	0.703	neurodegeneration	How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite
Lysosomal Acidification Failure: Convergent GBA1/LAMP2A–medi	0.700	neurodegeneration	-
NRF2-Mediated Proteostatic Convergence: Shared Oxidative Str	0.700	neurodegeneration	-
Pericyte Contractility Reset via Selective PDGFR-β Agonism	0.684	neurodegeneration	Perivascular spaces and glymphatic clear
Pericyte-First Sequential Biomarker Cascade — Soluble PDGFR-	0.662	-	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes
Cyclophilin D (CypD) Displacement by Mitochondrial TDP-43	0.656	neurodegeneration	What upstream mechanisms cause TDP-43 to
early PD proteogenomic hubs that are both causal enough and	0.626	neurodegeneration	Proteogenomic Network Hubs as Druggable
PD genetic aging variants accelerating cell-type-specific ep	0.626	neurodegeneration	Genetic Aging Landscape Variants and Epi
DPP6-linked neuronal regulatory networks controlling synapti	0.626	neurodegeneration	DPP6 GWAS Signal: Cell-Type Regulatory N
Integrated Blood Panel of sPDGFRβ, sTM, and Circulating micr	0.625	-	What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Preced	0.625	-	What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
OPC Maturation Block via PDGFRA/LXRβ	0.620	neurodegeneration	Methodology challenge: dataset 'Allen Br
PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ/STAT3 Paracrine Signaling Axis Mediates Aβ-In	0.618	neurodegeneration	How do perivascular cells specifically r
Cell-state stratification is required to resolve Proteogenom	0.612	neurodegeneration	Proteogenomic Network Hubs as Druggable
Cell-state stratification is required to resolve Genetic Agi	0.612	neurodegeneration	Genetic Aging Landscape Variants and Epi

Mentioning Analyses (16)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanism synthesis

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-28 | 17 hypotheses Top: 0.828

LRRK2 Risk Variants: Lysosomal Membrane Dynamics in DA vs Striatal Neurons

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-27 | 0 hypotheses

DPP6 GWAS Signal: Cell-Type Regulatory Networks for PD Cognitive Decline

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-27 | 3 hypotheses Top: 0.626

Proteogenomic Network Hubs as Druggable Targets in Early PD Neurodegeneration

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-27 | 3 hypotheses Top: 0.626

m6A RNA Modification and Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in Substantia Nigra

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-27 | 4 hypotheses Top: 0.662

Experiments (3)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Model	Status	Est. Cost
PGC-1α knockout analysis of PV+ interneuron maturation	validation	neurodevelopmental disorders	0.850	knockout mice	proposed	N/A
Molecular docking analysis of aminophylline binding targets	exploratory	depression	0.800	in silico molecular docking	proposed	N/A
PV+ interneuron subtype diversification analysis	exploratory	neurodevelopmental disorders	0.750	mouse cortical PV+ interneuron	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
The TREM2-APOE Pathway Drives the Transcriptional Phenotype of Dysfunctional Mic [PMID:28930663]	Krasemann S, Madore C, Cialic R, Baufeld	Immunity	2017	1
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Isoginkgetin antagonizes ALS pathologies in its animal and patient iPSC models v [PMID:41094045]	Li A, Huang S, Cao SQ, Lin J, Zhao L, Yu	EMBO molecular medicine	2025	0
Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810]	["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen",	Journal of neuroinflammation	2025	0
Interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's and Park [PMID:36262883]	Unknown	Frontiers in aging neuroscienc	2023	0
TREM2 interacts with TDP-43 and mediates microglial neuroprotection against TDP- [PMID:34916658]	Xie M, Liu YU, Zhao S, Zhang L, Bosco DB	Nature neuroscience	2022	0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554]	Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E,	International journal of molec	2020	0
Neurodegeneration and Inflammation-An Interesting Interplay in Parkinson's Disea [PMID:33182554]	Marogianni C, Sokratous M, Dardiotis E,	International journal of molec	2020	0
PINK1/PARKIN signalling in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. [PMID:33168089]	Quinn PMJ, Moreira PI, Ambrósio AF, Alve	Acta neuropathologica communic	2020	0
Mitophagy inhibits amyloid-β and tau pathology and reverses cognitive defi [PMID:30742114]	Unknown	Nature neuroscience	2019	0
NLRP3 inflammasome activation drives tau pathology. [PMID:31748742]	["Ising C", "Venegas C", "Zhang S", "Sch	Nature	2019	0
Multiple Sclerosis Pathology. [PMID:29358320]	Lassmann H	Cold Spring Harbor perspective	2018	0
Inflammasome inhibition prevents α-synuclein pathology and dopaminergic neurodeg [PMID:30381407]	Gordon R, Albornoz EA, Christie DC, Lang	Science translational medicine	2018	0
LRRK2 Promotes Tau Accumulation, Aggregation and Release. [PMID:26014385]	Unknown	Molecular neurobiology	2017	0
Haploinsufficiency of TBK1 causes familial ALS and fronto-temporal dementia. [PMID:25803835]	Unknown	Nature neuroscience	2015	0
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease. [PMID:25611507]	["Pickrell Alicia M", "Youle Richard J"]	Neuron	2015	0
TREM2 variants in Alzheimer's disease. [PMID:23150934]	Rita Guerreiro, Aleksandra Wojtas, Jose	The New England journal of med	2013	0
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS [PMID:23254930]	Heneka MT, Kummer MP, Stutz A, Delekate	Nature	2013	0
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer's disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS [PMID:23254930]	["Heneka Michael T", "Kummer Markus P",	Nature	2013	0
Etiology and pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease and A [PMID:18322368]	Unknown	Neuro-degenerative diseases	2008	0

Debates (18)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Which AD, PD, ALS, and FTD mechanisms recur across disease boundaries and yield

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.72 · 2026-04-28

How does N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification alter alpha-synuclein mRNA st

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.67 · 2026-04-28

Do PD-associated genetic aging landscape variants causally accelerate epigenetic

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.67 · 2026-04-28

Which proteogenomic network hubs identified by multi-omics PD studies are drugga

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.67 · 2026-04-28

What cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks mediate the DPP6 GWAS signal fo

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.67 · 2026-04-28

How do GWAS-identified PD risk variants at the LRRK2 locus alter lysosomal membr

active · Rounds: 6 · Score: 0.89 · 2026-04-27

What is the evidence that blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes serve a

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 1.00 · 2026-04-26

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

closed · Rounds: 7 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-26

How does the gut microbiome composition differ between PD patients and healthy c

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.70 · 2026-04-21

The debate identified systemic toxicity as a major concern for glucosylceramide

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-20

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning PD in their description or question text

PD

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (21)

Astrocyte Metabolic Enhancement Therapy for PD

PD Combination Therapy Matrix

PD Cure Roadmap

Epigenetic Dysregulation Comparison -- AD/PD/ALS/FTD/HD

GBA1→GCase→Lysosome→PD Causal Chain

Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction Comparison — AD/PD/ALS/FTD/HD

Autophagy-Lysosomal Impairment Comparison — AD/PD/ALS/FTD/HD

Neuroinflammation Across AD, PD, ALS, FTD, and HD

Portable Driving Simulator for PD Assessment (NCT03969927)

Autophagy Failure Comparison -- AD/PD/ALS/FTD/HD

Experiment: Multi-Ethnic PD GWAS

PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Signaling in Neurodegeneration

ND0612 Subcutaneous Levodopa Infusion PD Trial (NCT04006210)

ERP57 (PDIA3) — Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family A Member 3

PDHX Gene

PDCD10 Gene (Programmed Cell Death 10)

PD Failed Approaches Autopsy

Neuroinflammation Comparison — AD/PD/ALS/FTD/HD

NCT07172295: Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound for PD Tremor

PDIA3 - Protein Disulfide Isomerase Family A Member 3

RAB39B Endosomal-Lysosomal Dysfunction PD Causal Chain

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (213)

Incoming (708)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (16)

Cross-disease neurodegeneration mechanism synthesis

LRRK2 Risk Variants: Lysosomal Membrane Dynamics in DA vs Striatal Neurons

DPP6 GWAS Signal: Cell-Type Regulatory Networks for PD Cognitive Decline

Proteogenomic Network Hubs as Druggable Targets in Early PD Neurodegeneration

m6A RNA Modification and Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation in Substantia Nigra

Genetic Aging Landscape Variants and Epigenetic Aging in PD Neuronal Subtypes

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

Microglial subtypes in neurodegeneration — friend vs foe

Analyze the spectrum of microglial activation states (DAM, homeostatic, inflamma

Analyze the spectrum of microglial activation states (DAM, homeostatic, inflamma

Gut Microbiome Analysis in Parkinson's Disease

Why does PGC-1α overexpression paradoxically increase MPTP toxicity despite enha

How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroinflammation in PD when microglia are trad

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

What is the therapeutic window between GCS inhibition efficacy and systemic toxi

Microglial subtypes in neurodegeneration — friend vs foe

Experiments (3)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (18)

Which AD, PD, ALS, and FTD mechanisms recur across disease boundaries and yield

How does N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification alter alpha-synuclein mRNA st

Do PD-associated genetic aging landscape variants causally accelerate epigenetic

Which proteogenomic network hubs identified by multi-omics PD studies are drugga

What cell-type-specific gene regulatory networks mediate the DPP6 GWAS signal fo

How do GWAS-identified PD risk variants at the LRRK2 locus alter lysosomal membr

What is the evidence that blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability changes serve a

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

How does the gut microbiome composition differ between PD patients and healthy c

The debate identified systemic toxicity as a major concern for glucosylceramide

Related Research

SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resiliency Against Microb

TBK1-OPTN-p62 selective autophagy failure across ALS, FTD, and PD-like proteotox

PDE4 Inhibition as Inflammatory Reset for PD Oligodendrocytes

Circulating Soluble PDGFRβ Reflects Pericyte Loss and Precedes Cognitive Decline

SMPD1 (Acid Sphingomyelinase) Inhibition for Ceramide Reduction and BACE1 Regula

NRF2 Activation Provides Neuroprotection Across ALS, AD, and PD

Soluble PDGFRβ as a Peripheral Indicator of Pericyte-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrie

TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut-Brain Neuroinflamma

Pericyte Contractility Reset via Selective PDGFR-β Agonism

Pericyte-First Sequential Biomarker Cascade — Soluble PDGFR-β as Sentinel Event