protein

AMYLOID-BETA

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about AMYLOID-BETA: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

1853Connections

30Hypotheses

0Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

1Experiments

0Debates

Summary

Amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptides are 36-43 amino acid proteolytic fragments of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), generated by sequential cleavage by beta-secretase (BACE1) and gamma-secretase. The 42-residue form (Abeta42) is highly aggregation-prone and forms oligomers, protofibrils, and amyloid plaques that are pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer disease. Abeta aggregation triggers synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation via microglial activation, and oxidative stress. Clearance mechanisms include enzymatic degradation (neprilysin, IDE), microglial phagocytosis via TREM2, and blood-brain barrier transport via LRP1. Impaired clearance is a major contributor to sporadic AD. Therapeutic strategies include anti-Abeta antibodies (lecanemab, donanemab), BACE1 inhibitors, and gamma-secretase modulators.

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🔬 Protein Info

Gene Symbol	AMYLOID
GeneCards	AMYLOID
Human Protein Atlas	AMYLOID
Associated Diseases	Aging, Als, Alzheimer, Alzheimer Disease, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE
Known Drugs/Compounds	DONANEMAB, LECANEMAB, MELATONIN, NICOTINAMIDE, RAPAMYCIN, SEMAGLUTIDE
Interactions	A2M, ABCA1, ABCA7, ABI3, ACE, ACETYLCHOLINE
KG Connections	4782 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards UniProt NCBI Gene HPA STRING

🧬 3D Structure Comparison — AMYLOID-BETA Experimental (PDB) vs Predicted (AlphaFold) — click to expand

📄 Experimental Structure

1IYT — X-ray / Cryo-EM

🔮 AI Predicted Structure

P05067 — AlphaFold

Left: Experimental structure from RCSB PDB | Right: AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (1)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Amyloid-Beta (Aβ)

protein · 3049 words

→

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    AMYLOID_BETA(["AMYLOID-BETA"])
    ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE(["ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE"])
    Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    Als["Als"]
    Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    ALZHEIMER(["ALZHEIMER"])
    AMYLOID(["AMYLOID"])
    APP(["APP"])

    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"associated with"| ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"associated with"| Alzheimer
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"therapeutic target"| Alzheimer
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"associated with"| Als
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"activates"| Alzheimer
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"therapeutic target"| Als
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"activates"| Inflammation
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"therapeutic target"| ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE
    ALZHEIMER -->|"associated with"| AMYLOID_BETA
    AMYLOID -->|"activates"| AMYLOID_BETA
    AMYLOID -->|"associated with"| AMYLOID_BETA
    ALZHEIMER -->|"activates"| AMYLOID_BETA
    ALZHEIMER -->|"therapeutic target"| AMYLOID_BETA
    AMYLOID_BETA -->|"associated with"| APP
    AMYLOID -.->|"inhibits"| AMYLOID_BETA

    style AMYLOID_BETA fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (1071)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Alzheimer	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
Als	associated_with	disease	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Als	therapeutic_target	disease	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
Alzheimer	activates	disease	1.00
Alzheimer	associated_with	disease	1.00
APP	associated_with	gene	1.00
Alzheimer's Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Apoptosis	associated_with	process	0.95
Alzheimer Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	0.95
Tau Aggregation	associated_with	process	0.95
Alzheimer's Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Alzheimer	regulates	disease	0.95
Alzheimer'S Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Alzheimer's Disease	drives	disease	0.95
Alzheimer's Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.95
Alzheimer's Disease	causes	disease	0.95
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	0.95
Alzheimer's Disease	causes	disease	0.95
Alzheimer Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Release	causes	process	0.95
Early Alzheimer'S Disease	involved_in	disease	0.95
Astrocytes	associated_with	cell_type	0.95
Calcium Dysregulation	causes	process	0.90
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
Amyloidosis	drives	process	0.90
Alzheimer's Disease	drives	disease	0.90
Tau Spreading	associated_with	process	0.90
Hyperconnectivity	associated_with	phenotype	0.90
Neuronal Death	causes	process	0.90
apoptosis	causes	phenotype	0.90
KIF5	binds	protein	0.90
Alzheimer's Disease	contributes_to	disease	0.90
Alzheimer's Disease	causes	disease	0.90
Alzheimer Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.90
Plaque Accumulation	involved_in	process	0.90
Alzheimer's Disease	biomarker_for	disease	0.90
neuronal survival	suppresses	phenotype	0.90
CEREBRAL HYPOMETABOLISM	causes	pathway	0.90
neuronal loss	drives	phenotype	0.90
microglia	activates	cell_type	0.90
Cognitive decline	causes	phenotype	0.90
Protein Aggregation	involved_in	process	0.90
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	activates	gene	0.90
Biomarker_for	biomarker_for	process	0.88
oxidative stress	causes	process	0.88
Neuronal Function	inhibits	process	0.88

Incoming (782)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
entities-complement-system	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-simufilam	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-irs1	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-glymphatic-system	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-ferroptosis	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-crenezumab	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-histone-deacetylase	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-microglia-in-neurodegeneration	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-overview	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-interleukin-6	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-norepinephrine	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-gaba	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-hsp90-protein	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
entities-aduhelm	interacts_with	wiki	0.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	therapeutic_target	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	associated_with	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	activates	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	activates	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	inhibits	gene	1.00
TAU	associated_with	gene	1.00
Alzheimer's Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Donanemab	targets	drug	0.95
LRP1	regulates	protein	0.95
APP	associated_with	protein	0.95
BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES	associated_with	entity	0.95
Hearing Loss	causes	phenotype	0.92
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.90
Hearing Loss	upregulates	phenotype	0.90
glymphatic pathway	involved_in	pathway	0.90
Protein Aggregation	involved_in	process	0.90
PPARGC1A	downregulates	gene	0.90
autophagy	degrades	process	0.90
MTOR	promotes	gene	0.90
PGC1A	downregulates	gene	0.90
Gangliosides	interacts_with	compound	0.90
Aducanumab	targets	drug	0.90
Bispecific Antibodies	targets	drug	0.90
PSEN1	associated_with	gene	0.90
BACE1	produces	protein	0.90
PSEN1	produces	protein	0.90
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
HSPG2	co-localizes_with	gene	0.90
Donanemab	targets	drug	0.90
Glymphatic System	involved_in	process	0.90
Monoclonal Antibodies	targets	drug	0.90
LRP1-Targeted Polymersomes	treats	drug	0.90
Lecanemab	targets	drug	0.90
Lecanemab	targets	drug	0.90
APOE	upregulates	gene	0.90

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.944	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Multi-Biomarker Composite Index Surpassing Amyloid PET for T	0.933	neurodegeneration	What amyloid threshold level is required
H1: TREM2 Agonism to Redirect APOE4-Enhanced Microglia from	0.887	neurodegeneration	How does APOE4's beneficial immune funct
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.827	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-S	0.811	neurodegeneration	What are the cell-type-specific transcri

Vicious Cycle Hypothesis: Cholinergic Dysfunction Exacerbate	0.785	-	Do β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary
Direct Toxicity Hypothesis: β-Amyloid Directly Impairs Choli	0.769	-	Do β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.755	-	-
Exposed amyloidogenic segments (β-sheet propensity residues)	0.740	protein biochemistry	Do chaperones selectively recognize path
Stage-Specific TREM2 Biomarker-Guided Switching — Agonist in	0.735	Alzheimer's disease	TREM2 agonism vs antagonism in DAM micro
Bacterial Curli Amyloid → Nucleation of α-Synuclein Misfoldi	0.720	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.712	-	-
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.705	-	-
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.655	-	-
Amyloid-beta induces secondary pericyte senescence after con	0.640	neurodegeneration	Does pericyte senescence drive BBB break
Stage-Selective TREM2 Agonism — Boosting DAM Phagocytosis in	0.637	Alzheimer's disease	TREM2 agonism vs antagonism in DAM micro
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.637	-	-
Pericyte senescence is sufficient to weaken the BBB even wit	0.630	neurodegeneration	Does pericyte senescence drive BBB break
APOE4-microglial complement signaling causes cholinergic-enr	0.630	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
Microglial ACE Enhancement for Amyloid Clearance	0.622	neurodegeneration	Gene expression changes in aging mouse b
Locus coeruleus degeneration gates whether cholinergic dysfu	0.620	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.612	-	-
Basal forebrain NGF/TrkA trophic failure is an upstream trig	0.610	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
Myelin Breakdown-Amyloid Interaction Amplifies Cortical Agin	0.600	Alzheimer disease	Allen Mouse Brain Aging Atlas: cross-age
Temporal Decoupling of CSF p-tau217 Normalization from Amylo	0.595	neurodegeneration	-
CSF p-tau217 Normalization Reflects Amyloid-Driven Tau Patho	0.586	neurodegeneration	-
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo	0.564	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.555	-	-
Test: TREM2 enhances amyloid clearance	0.537	-	-
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Moderates the Amyloid-to-Tau Con	0.533	-	Epigenetic clocks as biomarkers for Alzh

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (1)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
TREM2 KO amyloid pathology study	validation	Alzheimers Disease	0.800	0.00	Mouse (5xFAD/TREM2-/-)	completed	N/A

Related Papers (8)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Integrative Multiomics Insights into the Genetic and Epigenetic Architecture of [PMID:41422555]	Mishra AK, Jain S	ACS Chem Neurosci	2026
The association of Alzheimer's disease-related SNPs with mild cognitive impairme [PMID:41606232]	Xie Z, Tu W, Ye XF, Hua L, Zhang X et al	Sci Rep	2026
Genetic risk factors of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Insights into pathophysi [PMID:41622452]	Akkaoui J, Devadoss D, Rodriguez MD, Ari	Neural Regen Res	2026
Genetic Burden and <i>APOE</i> Methylation in a Korean Multi-Generational Alzhei [PMID:41745359]	Eom Je-Hyun; Cho Mu-Yeol; Kim Ji-Won; Ki	Journal of personalized medici	2026
Genetic Architecture of Cognitive Resilience in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, [PMID:41893052]	Burdman Gabriel; Akkaoui Juliet; Colon N	Neurology international	2026
Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with Alzheimer's disease-relevant mo [PMID:41960318]	Seijo MA, Yohannes PA, Rogers AL, Gonzal	Res Sq	2026
Genetic risk factors of late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Insights into pathophysi [PMID:41622452]	Akkaoui J, Devadoss D, Rodriguez MD, Ari	Neural regeneration research	2026
Genetic Architecture of Cognitive Resilience in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, [PMID:41893052]	["Burdman G", "Akkaoui J", "Colon N", "P	Neurology international	2026

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning AMYLOID-BETA in their description or question text

AMYLOID-BETA

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (1)

Amyloid-Beta (Aβ)

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (1071)

Incoming (782)

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Experiments (1)

Related Papers (8)

Debates (0)

Related Research

Vicious Cycle Hypothesis: Cholinergic Dysfunction Exacerbates Amyloid Pathology

Direct Toxicity Hypothesis: β-Amyloid Directly Impairs Cholinergic Signaling

Exposed amyloidogenic segments (β-sheet propensity residues) serve as HSP70 reco

Stage-Specific TREM2 Biomarker-Guided Switching — Agonist in Amyloid Phase, Anta

Bacterial Curli Amyloid → Nucleation of α-Synuclein Misfolding in Enteric Neuron

Amyloid-beta induces secondary pericyte senescence after contractile and oxidati

Stage-Selective TREM2 Agonism — Boosting DAM Phagocytosis in Early Amyloid Phase

Pericyte senescence is sufficient to weaken the BBB even without classic amyloid

APOE4-microglial complement signaling causes cholinergic-enriched synaptic vulne

Microglial ACE Enhancement for Amyloid Clearance