protein

IL

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about IL: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

1Connections
30Hypotheses
7Analyses
1Outgoing
0Incoming
9Experiments
10Debates

Summary

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the innate immune response and neuroinflammation.

View on Wiki →

No AI portrait yet

🔬 Protein Info
Gene SymbolIL
Full Name18 - Interleukin-18
Chromosome11q22.2.
FunctionInterleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the innate immune response and neuroinflammation.
GeneCardsIL
Human Protein AtlasIL
Pro-inflammatory cytokinesTNF-α, IL-1β
Oxidative stressROS, mitochondrial dysfunction
Elevated levelsIL-18 is significantly elevated in CSF and plasma of AD patients compared to healthy controls
Disease correlationLevels correlate with cognitive decline measured by MMSE and CDR
Pathology associationAssociated with amyloid-β plaque deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation
Conversion predictionElevated IL-18 predicts conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD
Mechanistic roleDrives neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction
Therapeutic targetIL-18 neutralization reduces pathology in AD mouse models
CSF and serum elevationIncreased IL-18 in CSF and serum of PD patients
Associated DiseasesCRC
KG Connections1 knowledge graph edges
DatabasesGeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING

Wiki Pages (21)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

IL-18 - Interleukin-18

biomarker · 1492 words

IL28B (Interleukin 28B)

gene · 3405 words

IL1RAP — Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein

gene · 3150 words

IL32

gene · 3130 words

IL3 (Interleukin 3)

gene · 3014 words

PILRA Gene

gene · 2811 words

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    N1["🔬 IL"]
    N2["CRC"]
    N1 -->|"associated with"| N2
    style N1 fill:#1a237e,stroke:#7c4dff,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (1)

TargetRelationTypeStr
CRCassociated_withdisease0.70

Incoming (0)

SourceRelationTypeStr
No incoming edges

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

HypothesisScoreDiseaseAnalysis
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound targeting EC-II 0.948 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.912 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi 0.863 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic rescue via DHHC2-mediated PSD95 0.861 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.858 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Prima 0.858 neurodegeneration How do different microglial subtypes (DA
Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-br 0.846 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations vi 0.845 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated 0.843 molecular neurobiology View
Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy 0.838 neurodegeneration View
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.827 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker 0.819 translational neuroscience Which metabolic biomarkers can distingui
CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-S 0.811 neurodegeneration What are the cell-type-specific transcri
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition 0.806 - Blood-brain barrier tight junction disru
IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microgl 0.806 neuroinflammation How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroin
G2019S primarily raises baseline LRRK2 kinase activity rathe 0.790 neurodegeneration Do pathogenic LRRK2 mutations amplify vo
Competitive APOE4 Domain Stabilization Peptides 0.784 neurodegeneration APOE4 structural biology and therapeutic
SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resil 0.778 neurodegeneration How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite
LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Amplification of Ferroptotic Vul 0.770 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
Chromatin Accessibility Restoration via BRD4 Modulation 0.768 neurodegeneration Epigenetic reprogramming in aging neuron
Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippo 0.767 Alzheimer's disease Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Dual-Circuit Tau Vulnerability Cascade 0.754 neuroscience Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Selective blockade of classical-pathway activation downstrea 0.750 neurodegeneration Does C1q function differ based on subcel
Iron-driven lipid peroxidation and GPX4 failure create a fer 0.750 neurodegeneration What mechanisms drive the self-amplifyin
Tau dysfunction destabilizes labile pool 0.750 neurodegeneration View
Smartphone-Detected Motor Variability Correction 0.742 neurodegeneration Digital biomarkers and AI-driven early d
Near-infrared light therapy stimulates COX4-dependent mitoch 0.742 neurodegeneration Mitochondrial transfer between astrocyte
NRF2 failure lowers antioxidant reserve and permits recurren 0.740 neurodegeneration What mechanisms drive the self-amplifyin
SIRT3-Mediated Mitochondrial Deacetylation Failure with PINK 0.738 Alzheimer's Disease Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Di
Metabolic Inflexibility Precedes Transcriptional Reprogrammi 0.735 neurodegeneration What is the optimal therapeutic window f

Mentioning Analyses (7)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What amyloid threshold level is required for optimal clinical benefit in early A

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.933

Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption by neuroinflammatory cytokines

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.919

How do oligodendrocytes initiate neuroinflammation in PD when microglia are trad

neuroinflammation | 2026-04-13 | 2 hypotheses Top: 0.806

Why do systemic anti-inflammatory drugs fail in AD despite cardiovascular effica

clinical neurology | 2026-04-08 | 0 hypotheses

Systemic immune profiling and peripheral immune contributions to neurodegenerati

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-04 | 0 hypotheses

Experiments (9)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

ExperimentTypeDiseaseScoreFeasibilityModelStatusEst. Cost
Plant-based dietary patterns and Alzheimer's disease risk in multiethn clinical Alzheimer's disease and relate 0.950 0.00 human patients proposed N/A
SIRPα modulation in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease validation Alzheimer's disease 0.900 0.00 mouse models of Alzheimer's di proposed N/A
NAD depletion effects on monocyte/macrophage differentiation exploratory Inflammatory bowel disease 0.900 0.00 Primary mouse and human monocy proposed N/A
FK866 treatment in DSS-induced colitis mouse model validation Inflammatory bowel disease (co 0.900 0.00 DSS-induced colitis mice proposed N/A
Autophagy receptor identification for stress granule elimination exploratory neurodegenerative diseases 0.900 0.00 cultured cells under arsenite proposed N/A
Synaptic plasticity and protein expression analysis in mPFC exploratory insomnia-anxiety comorbidity 0.850 0.00 mPFC brain slices from PCPA-tr proposed N/A
FK866 in azoxymethane/DSS colitis-associated cancer model validation Colitis-associated cancer 0.850 0.00 AOM/DSS-treated mice proposed N/A
FK866 mechanism validation in Rag1-/- mice validation Inflammatory bowel disease 0.850 0.00 Rag1-/- mice with DSS-induced proposed N/A
Microglial SIRPα expression in human Alzheimer's disease tissue exploratory Alzheimer's disease 0.800 0.00 human brain tissue proposed N/A

Related Papers (0)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMIDAuthorsJournalYearCitations
No papers found

Debates (10)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

Should PEA-PPARA endocannabinoid signaling be prioritized as a therapeutic strat

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-23

While the study demonstrates dose-response relationships between amyloid levels

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-16

Blood-brain barrier tight junction disruption by neuroinflammatory cytokines

closed · Rounds: 7 · Score: 0.87 · 2026-04-16

This study identifies oligodendrocytes as drivers of neuroinflammation in PD, co

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.79 · 2026-04-13

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.76 · 2026-04-12

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.78 · 2026-04-12

How do peripheral immune system alterations influence CNS pathology and neurodeg

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.50 · 2026-04-11

The debate noted clinical failures of TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors in AD despite th

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.79 · 2026-04-09

Microglia activate astrocytes via IL-1alpha/TNF/C1q, and reactive astrocytes fee

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-06

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

closed · Rounds: 2 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-04

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning IL in their description or question text

TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Primary Trigger for Faile

Score: 0.858 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview TREM2 R47H Variant-Driven Metabolic Dysfunction as the Primary Trigger for Failed DAM Transition

Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-brain barrier opening

Score: 0.846 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-brain barrier opening to restore hippo

Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations via selective SST inte

Score: 0.845 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Optogenetic restoration of hippocampal gamma oscillations via selective SST interneuron activati

Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated Autophagy Through PV

Score: 0.843 · molecular neurobiology · 2026-04-17

## Mechanistic Overview Gamma Oscillation Entrainment Enhances lncRNA-9969-Mediated Autophagy Through PV Interneuron-Spe

Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy

Score: 0.838 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-17

## Mechanistic Overview Gamma Oscillation Enhancement Synergy starts from the claim that modulating not yet specified wi

Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscilla

Score: 0.827 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Closed-loop transcranial focused ultrasound to restore hippocampal gamma oscillations via glymph

Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker

Score: 0.819 · translational neuroscience · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Ketone Utilization Index as Metabolic Flexibility Biomarker starts from the claim that modulatin

CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-Specific Vulnerabilit

Score: 0.811 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview CLU/APOE Duality in Amyloid Clearance Determines Cell-Type-Specific Vulnerability Thresholds sta

Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition

Score: 0.806 · unknown disease · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Inhibition starts from the claim that modulating PADI4 withi

IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface

Score: 0.806 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-13

## Mechanistic Overview IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface starts from the claim t

G2019S primarily raises baseline LRRK2 kinase activity rather than amplifying ly

Score: 0.790 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-24

The most supported model is that pathogenic G2019S shifts the basal catalytic set-point upward, producing higher baselin

Competitive APOE4 Domain Stabilization Peptides

Score: 0.784 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Competitive APOE4 Domain Stabilization Peptides starts from the claim that modulating APOE withi

SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resiliency Against Microb

Score: 0.778 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview SIRT1/PGC-1α Axis Activation to Preserve Mitochondrial Resiliency Against Microbiome-Induced Neu

LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Amplification of Ferroptotic Vulnerability in Diseas

Score: 0.770 · Alzheimer's Disease · 2026-04-05

## Mechanistic Overview LPCAT3-Mediated Lands Cycle Amplification of Ferroptotic Vulnerability in Disease-Associated Mic

Chromatin Accessibility Restoration via BRD4 Modulation

Score: 0.768 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Chromatin Accessibility Restoration via BRD4 Modulation starts from the claim that modulating BR