gene

SYNA

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about SYNA: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

19Connections

30Hypotheses

0Analyses

11Outgoing

8Incoming

13Experiments

0Debates

No summary available yet.

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	SYNA
Full Name	Synapsin I
Chromosome	17q21.31
Function	is a neuronal phosphoprotein associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles.
Primary Expression	Brain (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum), neurons
Subcellular Localization	presynaptic terminals where it associates with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles. [@takamori2006]
Amino Acids	706 aa
UniProt ID	P17600
NCBI Gene ID	6853
Ensembl ID	ENSG00000135547
OMIM	313440
GeneCards	SYNA
Human Protein Atlas	SYNA
Synapsin Ia	706 amino acids
Synapsin Ib	669 amino acids (lacking domain E)
KG Connections	19 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards HPA STRING

🔮 Predicted Structure: SYNA — AlphaFold P17600 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (3)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    N0["SYNA"]
    N1["TFEB"]
    N1 -->|"binds to"| N0
    N2["neurodegeneration"]
    N0 -->|"implicated in"| N2

    classDef gene fill:#1a3a2a,stroke:#4caf50,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef protein fill:#1a2a3a,stroke:#4fc3f7,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef disease fill:#3a1a1a,stroke:#ef5350,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef pathway fill:#2a1a3a,stroke:#ce93d8,color:#e0e0e0
    classDef mechanism fill:#2a2a1a,stroke:#ffd54f,color:#e0e0e0
    class N1 protein

Outgoing (11)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	co_discussed	gene	0.40
PHAGOCYTOSIS	co_discussed	process	0.40
COMPLEMENT	co_discussed	pathway	0.40
LATE	co_discussed	disease	0.40
AMYLOID	co_discussed	gene	0.40
ANXIETY	co_discussed	gene	0.40
SPP1	co_discussed	gene	0.40
DYSF	co_discussed	gene	0.40
C1QA	co_discussed	gene	0.40
GRN	co_discussed	gene	0.40
CTSB	co_discussed	gene	0.40

Incoming (8)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
TFEB	binds_to	protein	0.90
MICROGLIA	co_discussed	cell_type	0.40
NEUROINFLAMMATION	co_discussed	process	0.40
RNA	co_discussed	gene	0.40
NEUROINFLAMMATORY	co_discussed	pathway	0.40
GNAL	co_discussed	gene	0.40
COMPLEMENT CASCADE	co_discussed	pathway	0.40
C1Q	co_discussed	gene	0.40

Targeting Hypotheses (30)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Closed-loop optogenetic targeting PV interneurons to restore	0.944	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Closed-loop focused ultrasound targeting CA1 PV interneurons	0.927	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
H1: TREM2 Agonism to Redirect APOE4-Enhanced Microglia from	0.887	neurodegeneration	TREM2 in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms
Complement Cascade Inhibition Synaptic Protection	0.867	neurodegeneration	View
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 synaptic rescue via DHHC2-mediated PSD95	0.861	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode

Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 Inhibition for Synaptic Protectio	0.844	neurodegeneration	Lipid raft composition changes in synapt
Hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit rescue via neurogenesis and syna	0.820	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
Excitatory Neuron Synaptic Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Str	0.790	neurodegeneration	Cell type vulnerability debate in Alzhei
CX3CR1-TREM2 Integration for Synapse Pruning Normalization	0.776	neurodegeneration	TREM2 agonism vs antagonism in DAM micro
Complement C1q-Mediated Synaptic Pruning Drives Early Cognit	0.769	neurodegeneration	Legacy Pre-Pipeline Hypothesis Import
SASP-Mediated Cholinergic Synapse Disruption	0.763	neurodegeneration	Senolytic therapy for age-related neurod
Selective blockade of classical-pathway activation downstrea	0.750	neurodegeneration	Does C1q function differ based on subcel
MEF2C-Dependent Synaptic Gene Regulation	0.740	neurodegeneration	What molecular mechanisms mediate HDAC9'
Differential Complement Regulator Expression on Synaptic Mem	0.725	synaptic biology	What determines the selectivity of compl
ω-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Epoxide Generation via CYP2J2	0.725	lipidomics	Lipid metabolism dysregulation in Alzhei
TBK1 Loss-of-Function Amplifies C1q-Mediated Synapse Elimina	0.724	neurodegeneration	How do the seven novel ALS genes functio
Sleep Spindle-Synaptic Plasticity Enhancement	0.721	neurodegeneration	Sleep disruption as cause and consequenc
Excessive C1q/C3/CR3 complement cascade activation initiates	0.720	neurodegeneration	Synaptic pruning by microglia in neurode
A tau PTM barcode gates trans-synaptic templating	0.713	neurodegeneration	Seed-competent tau conformers in trans-s
TREM2 haploinsufficiency dysregulates microglial synaptic su	0.700	neurodegeneration	Synaptic pruning by microglia in neurode
Perforant Path Presynaptic Terminal Protection Strategy	0.696	neurodegeneration	Selective vulnerability of entorhinal co
TREM2 Conformational Stabilizers for Synaptic Discrimination	0.685	neurodegeneration	Synaptic pruning by microglia in early A
Multi-Target Synergy via Presynaptic Vesicle Hub Convergence	0.683	neurodegeneration	What molecular mechanisms underlie Atrem
Pharmacological EZH2 Inhibition Resets Polycomb-Mediated Rep	0.680	neurodegeneration	epigenetic reprogramming aging neurons
Microglial TREM2 state determines whether C1q-tagged substra	0.670	neurodegeneration	Does C1q function differ based on subcel
LPS-primed microglial trained immunity establishes persisten	0.670	neurodegeneration	Synaptic pruning by microglia in neurode
Microglial P2Y12-Dependent Territorial Segregation of Synapt	0.670	synaptic biology	What determines the selectivity of compl
TNF-α/IL-1β-Cx43 Hemichannel Axis as Upstream Link Between S	0.663	cell biology	What is the relative contribution of con
SUMO1-Mediated Synaptotagmin-1 SUMOylation at Lys124 Impairs	0.652	neurodegeneration	What are the specific PTM changes in syn
Projection-specific vulnerability to complement-mediated syn	0.000	Perioperative neurocognitive disorders	Why does prolonged anesthesia cause both

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (13)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Spp1 knockout prevents synaptic loss in AD mouse models	validation	Alzheimer's disease	0.900	0.00	Spp1 knockout AD mouse models	proposed	N/A
iPSC-derived astrocyte-neuron co-culture mitochondrial transfer in PD	exploratory	Parkinson's disease	0.900	0.00	iPSC-derived dopaminergic neur	proposed	N/A
Autophagy receptor identification for stress granule elimination	exploratory	neurodegenerative diseases	0.900	0.00	cultured cells under arsenite	proposed	N/A
Synaptic plasticity and protein expression analysis in mPFC	exploratory	insomnia-anxiety comorbidity	0.850	0.00	mPFC brain slices from PCPA-tr	proposed	N/A
nSMase2 Inhibitor DPTIP Rescues Synaptic Density in APPswe/PS1deltaE9	in_vivo	Alzheimer's disease	0.803	0.74	APPswe/PS1dE9 bigenic mice, 6-	proposed	$62,000
Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.509	0.50	human postmortem brain tissue	proposed	$520,000
s:** - Test whether HCN1 knockout specifically in EC layer II accelera	falsification	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$80,000
AD Amyloid-Resilient Phenotype Study — Why Some amyloid-Positive Indiv	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$6,550,000
AD Combination Therapy Trial: Anti-Aβ + Anti-Tau	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	cell_line	proposed	$180,000
Animal Model Comparison for Neurodegenerative Disease Therapeutics	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$7,100,000
Biomarker-Guided Sequential Therapy Selection in Alzheimer's Disease	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
tACS Connectivity Trial in Early Alzheimer's	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000
Brain Connectivity-Targeted tACS Trial in Early AD	clinical	Alzheimer's Disease	0.400	0.50	mouse	proposed	$730,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2- [PMID:31932797]	Zhou Y, Song WM, Andhey PS, Swain A, Lev	Nat Med	2020	1
Antidepressant effects of combined eucommia-gastrodia extract via modulation of [PMID:41921863]	Xue L, Pan Z, Liu Y, Gan Q, Liu D, Liu D	Brain research bulletin	2026	0
Complementary mechanisms of high-carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets restore [PMID:41475465]	Kwon H, Seo DS, Ahmad Y, Park S, Yoo J,	The Journal of nutritional bio	2026	0
TrkB promotes the neuronal secretion of soluble Siglec-2 (CD22) to mitigate micr [PMID:41922794]	Shi X, Cai SZ, Chai JL, Xu CY, Zhou BY,	Molecular psychiatry	2026	0
The Potential Functions and Beneficial Effects of Melatonin on Cognitive Impairm [PMID:41917799]	Li XY, Cheng YZ, Zhang YM, Hu F, Fang SK	Brain and behavior	2026	0
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease across diverse biological domains: an umbrell [PMID:40680830]	Kang J, Son Y, Yim Y, Cho H, Kim J et al	J Adv Res	2026	0
Nanotherapeutic potential of Baicalein-encapsulated hUC-MSC exosomes in Alzheime [PMID:41370943]	Xu J, He Z, Pan Y, Cao B, Chen G	Biomater Adv	2026	0
Epigenetic mechanisms and therapeutic innovations in chronic pain-associated neu [PMID:41554641]	Zhang K, Zhu S, Xing N, Zhou Z, Chen J e	Br J Pharmacol	2026	0
Postbiotics and the gut-brain axis: A mechanistic review on modulating neuroinfl [PMID:41570486]	Lahariya R, Anand G, Kumari B, Priyadars	J Neuroimmunol	2026	0
miRNA-206 in muscle and central nervous system crosstalk during exercise: A doub [PMID:41571168]	Malvandi AM, Gerosa L, Maroni P, Orlando	Neurosci Biobehav Rev	2026	0
Experts' narrative review "Mastication, Hippocampal Structure Changes and Cognit [PMID:41576846]	Piancino MG	Arch Oral Biol	2026	0
Peripheral cancer attenuates amyloid pathology in Alzheimer's disease via cystat [PMID:41576952]	Li X, Tang X, Zeng J, Duan L, Hou Z et a	Cell	2026	0
Plant-derived bioactive compounds modulate the gut microbiota in Alzheimer's dis [PMID:41678917]	Xue D, Hu X, Li R, Sun T, Qian S et al.	Phytomedicine	2026	0
Dysregulation of Drp1 and Mfn2 is associated with reduced PSD-95, synaptophysin, [PMID:41932483]	Alfateh M, Vasconcelos C, Choker AH, Moh	Int J Biol Macromol	2026	0
AICAR improves depression-like behaviors and is associated with hippocampal AMPK [PMID:41932583]	Takahashi K, Kurokawa K, Kawaguchi R, Ta	Neurochem Int	2026	0
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells therapy for Alzheimer's disease: a s [PMID:41847685]	Si C, Ma L, Ding W, Tian Y, Zhang J, Cao	Frontiers in neurology	2026	0
Cannabidiol and pBDNF Cotreatment Attenuates Pathological Symptoms and Improves [PMID:41924980]	Chaulagain B, Gothwal A, Mahanta AK, Jar	ACS chemical neuroscience	2026	0
Advances and Therapeutic Potential of Anthraquinone Compounds in Neurodegenerati [PMID:41868184]	Liu Z, Zhang H, Wan B, Yin S, Yue R	Drug design, development and t	2026	0
Modulation of mitochondrial quality by exercise mimetics: A potential strategy f [PMID:41804756]	Ke Z, Wang B, Liang R	Journal of Alzheimer's disease	2026	0
Neurotransmitter dysregulation in depression, anxiety, and suicidality: From syn [PMID:41924767]	K S V ABG, Verma AK, A SS, Sinha SS, Boy	Psychiatry research	2026	0

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning SYNA in their description or question text

Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 Inhibition for Synaptic Protection in Neurodegenerati

Score: 0.844 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-07

## Mechanistic Overview Neutral Sphingomyelinase-2 Inhibition for Synaptic Protection in Neurodegeneration starts from t

Hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit rescue via neurogenesis and synaptic preservation

Score: 0.820 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Hippocampal CA3-CA1 circuit rescue via neurogenesis and synaptic preservation starts from the cl

Excitatory Neuron Synaptic Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Stress via MAPT (tau)

Score: 0.790 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview Excitatory Neuron Synaptic Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Stress via MAPT (tau) starts from the c

CX3CR1-TREM2 Integration for Synapse Pruning Normalization

Score: 0.776 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## Mechanistic Overview CX3CR1-TREM2 Integration for Synapse Pruning Normalization starts from the claim that modulating

Complement C1q-Mediated Synaptic Pruning Drives Early Cognitive Decline in Alzhe

Score: 0.769 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

C1q (classical complement cascade initiator) is upregulated in AD brain and tags synapses for microglial phagocytosis vi

SASP-Mediated Cholinergic Synapse Disruption

Score: 0.763 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview SASP-Mediated Cholinergic Synapse Disruption starts from the claim that modulating MMP2/MMP9 wit

Selective blockade of classical-pathway activation downstream of C1q will reduce

Score: 0.750 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

The most actionable synthesis is that pathogenicity may depend more on conversion of C1q binding into classical-pathway

MEF2C-Dependent Synaptic Gene Regulation

Score: 0.740 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-15

## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The molecular basis for MEF2C-dependent synaptic gene regulation centers on a

Differential Complement Regulator Expression on Synaptic Membranes (CD55/CD46)

Score: 0.725 · synaptic biology · 2026-04-21

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The differential expression of complement regulators CD55 (decay-accelerating fac

ω-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Epoxide Generation via CYP2J2 to Protect Synaptic

Score: 0.725 · lipidomics · 2026-04-25

ω-3 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Epoxide Generation via CYP2J2 to Protect Synaptic Membranes from Aβ-Induced Rigidificatio

TBK1 Loss-of-Function Amplifies C1q-Mediated Synapse Elimination Through Type I

Score: 0.724 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-13

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The molecular cascade underlying TBK1 loss-of-function-mediated synapse eliminati

Sleep Spindle-Synaptic Plasticity Enhancement

Score: 0.721 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Sleep Spindle-Synaptic Plasticity Enhancement starts from the claim that modulating CACNA1G with

Excessive C1q/C3/CR3 complement cascade activation initiates pre-symptomatic syn

Score: 0.720 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The complement cascade represents a critical innate immune system that, when dysr

A tau PTM barcode gates trans-synaptic templating

Score: 0.713 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26

Specific combinations of tau phosphorylation, acetylation, and truncation mark assemblies that evade degradation and tem

TREM2 haploinsufficiency dysregulates microglial synaptic surveillance, switchin

Score: 0.700 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

**Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) functions as a criti