concept

BRAIN

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about BRAIN: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

63Connections

24Hypotheses

0Analyses

4Outgoing

50Incoming

13Experiments

0Debates

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💡 Concept Info

Name	BRAIN
Key Genes/Proteins	FERRITINH
Related Diseases	ASTROCYTE_ACTIVATION, PROTEIN_AGGREGATION, TBI

Wiki Pages (3)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

graph TD
    BRAIN["BRAIN"]
    BRAIN -->|"regulates"| Intestinal_Fat_Absorption["Intestinal Fat Absorption"]
    BRAIN -->|"mediates"| Gut["Gut"]
    BRAIN -->|"modulates"| Fat_Absorption["Fat Absorption"]
    BRAIN -->|"interacts"| bone["bone"]
    Thyroid_Hormone_Transport["Thyroid Hormone Transport"] -->|"involved_in"| BRAIN
    THYROID_HORMONE["THYROID HORMONE"] -->|"regulates"| BRAIN
    Gut_Microbiota["Gut Microbiota"] -->|"modulates"| BRAIN
    MCT1["MCT1"] -->|"expressed in"| BRAIN
    Thyroid_Hormone["Thyroid Hormone"] -->|"transports"| BRAIN
    SGMS1_Circular_RNA["SGMS1 Circular RNA"] -->|"expressed in"| BRAIN
    Gut_Brain_Axis["Gut-Brain Axis"] -->|"mediates"| BRAIN
    Aav["Aav"] -->|"targets"| BRAIN

Outgoing (4)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Intestinal Fat Absorption	regulates	process	0.95
Gut	mediates	cell_type	0.90
Fat Absorption	modulates	process	0.85
bone	interacts_with	cell_type	0.70

Incoming (59)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
microglia	expressed_in	cell_type	0.95
Senescent Myeloid Cells	associated_with	cell_type	0.95
KL	expressed_in	protein	0.95
Gut Microbiome	interacts_with	process	0.95
Thyroid Hormone Transport	involved_in	process	0.95
APOE	expressed_in	protein	0.95
THYROID HORMONE	regulates	entity	0.92
Misfolded Prions	expressed_in	protein	0.90
Polystyrene Nanoplastics	transports	compound	0.90
MCT1	expressed_in	protein	0.90
Intranasal Administration	transports	mechanism	0.90
Gut Microbiota	modulates	process	0.90
Thyroid Hormone	transports	compound	0.90
TDP-43	expressed_in	protein	0.90
ALS	expressed_in	disease	0.90
TAU	expressed_in	protein	0.90
detergent-insoluble proteome	expressed_in	process	0.90
intranasal administration	targets	process	0.90
SGMS1 Circular RNA	expressed_in	biomarker	0.88
Peripheral Immune Cells	associated_with	cell_type	0.88
Iron	expressed_in	compound	0.85
Prion Deposition	involved_in	process	0.85
MCT8	expressed_in	gene	0.85
Gut-Brain Axis	mediates	pathway	0.85
APOE	expressed_in	gene	0.85
Gut Microbiome	mediates	process	0.85
Aav	targets	drug	0.85
Outer Membrane Vesicles	associated_with	compound	0.85
Oxidative Stress	expressed_in	process	0.85
Sting Signaling	involved_in	pathway	0.85
Cyclodextrin-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks	transports	compound	0.80
phenylalanine	inhibits	drug	0.80
Lithium	expressed_in	compound	0.80
FERRITINH	expressed_in	protein	0.80
GABRD	expressed_in	gene	0.80
MLKL-USP7-UBA52	expressed_in	pathway	0.80
IL-6	expressed_in	protein	0.80
Polyunsaturated fatty acids	associated_with	compound	0.78
Protein Deposition	involved_in	process	0.75
Asparagine Endopeptidase	expressed_in	enzyme	0.75
Trigeminal Nerve	mediates	cell_type	0.75
Trigeminal Nerve	transports	cell_type	0.75
TBI	regulates	disease	0.72
STRESS_RESPONSE_NEURONS	expressed_in	cell_type	0.72
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	associated_with	disease	0.70
gut microbiota	interacts_with	cell_type	0.70
PPARGC1A	expressed_in	protein	0.70
autophagy	expressed_in	process	0.70
AMPK	expressed_in	protein	0.70
designer exosomes	expressed_in	drug	0.70

Targeting Hypotheses (24)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
Optogenetic viral vector delivery via tFUS-mediated blood-br	0.846	Alzheimer's disease	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
SIRT1 Activation Couples Mitochondrial Biogenesis to Ferropt	0.824	neurodegeneration	View
Cholinergic Basal Forebrain-Hippocampal Circuit Protection	0.742	neuroscience	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
VPS35 retromer activation prevents endosomal tau templating	0.740	neurodegeneration	Which tau propagation mechanism predomin
TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Axis Blockade to Interrupt LPS-Mediated Gut	0.703	neurodegeneration	How do gut microbiome-derived metabolite

Enhancing Vagal Cholinergic Signaling to Restore Gut-Brain A	0.669	neurodegeneration	What are the mechanisms by which gut mic
Physiological SCFAs may reduce alpha-synuclein burden primar	0.650	neurodegeneration	Do physiological concentrations of SCFAs
Gut-Brain Axis M-Cell Modulation	0.629	-	Neuroinflammation and microglial priming
NAMPT-Centered NAD+ Restoration to Reverse Basal Forebrain C	0.616	neurodegeneration	Do β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary
Basal forebrain NGF/TrkA trophic failure is an upstream trig	0.610	neurodegeneration	What determines the temporal sequence of
Brain Insulin Resistance with Glucose Transporter Dysfunctio	0.596	neurodegeneration	Metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenera
Gut-Brain Axis Microbiome Modulation	0.585	Alzheimer's disease	Neuroinflammation and microglial priming
Brain-Ester Prodrug Strategy for CNS-Selective HDAC6 Inhibit	0.570	pharmacology	How can CNS-selective HDAC/DNMT inhibito
GPP Repeat Peptide-Fc Fusion for Enhanced Brain Penetration	0.550	neurodegeneration	Blood-brain barrier antibody transport m
Blood-Brain Barrier SPM Shuttle System	0.533	neurodegeneration	Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms
GAS6/TAM Axis Activation Stabilizes Blood-Brain Barrier to R	0.513	neuroinflammation	Why do TAM receptors protect against neu
TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Drives Tau-Induced Blo	0.499	neuroscience	Circuit-level neural dynamics in neurode
C1q-Alectinib Complexation Disrupts Tight Junction Integrity	0.455	molecular biology	Does Alectinib truly bind C1q directly w
Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Enabling Peripheral Inflammat	0.430	neurodegeneration	How does APOE4 mechanistically increase
C1q-Conjugated miR-33 ASO Brain Delivery for Enhanced APOE4	0.423	molecular biology	Is APOE4's reduced lipid binding pathoge
Transferrin-Alectinib Conjugation Enhances Blood-Brain Barri	0.406	molecular biology	Does Alectinib truly bind C1q directly w
Age-driven synaptic gene silencing precedes neuronal loss in	0.390	Alzheimer's disease	Allen Mouse Brain Aging Atlas: cross-age
Blood-Brain Barrier Metabolite Transporter Enhancement for D	0.220	metabolomics	Metabolomic signatures of neurodegenerat
C1q-Alectinib Complexation Facilitates Brain Penetration via	0.145	molecular biology	Does Alectinib truly bind C1q directly w

Mentioning Analyses (0)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

No analyses mention this entity

Experiments (13)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Model	Status	Est. Cost
Plasma ATN biomarkers across AD continuum in Chilean cohort	clinical	Alzheimer's disease	0.950	Chilean older adults (n=318) w	proposed	N/A
Electroacupuncture ST37 treatment for DSS-induced colitis in mice	validation	colitis	0.950	mice	proposed	N/A
Irisin effects on osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells	exploratory	bone fracture	0.900	mouse bone mesenchymal stem ce	proposed	N/A
Tau depletion effects on neuronal development in primary cultures	exploratory		0.900	primary rodent neuronal cultur	proposed	N/A
Differential GWAS of schizophrenia vs PTSD	exploratory	schizophrenia, post-traumatic	0.900	human patients - European ance	proposed	N/A
Tau depletion effects on neuronal development in primary cultures	exploratory		0.900	primary rodent neuronal cultur	proposed	N/A
Creation and validation of 3xAD-ChAT-Cre mouse model	validation	Alzheimer's disease	0.900	3xAD-ChAT-Cre transgenic mice	proposed	N/A
HFD-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.900	adult Swiss male mice	proposed	N/A
GTEx brain tissue expression analysis of MAPT/CRHR1 locus	exploratory	schizophrenia, post-traumatic	0.850	human brain tissue samples fro	proposed	N/A
α7nAChR agonist treatment rescues HFD-induced memory deficits	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.850	HFD-fed adult Swiss male mice	proposed	N/A
Microtubule domain analysis in adult axons	exploratory		0.800	adult rodent axons	proposed	N/A
Tau depletion effects on microtubule domains in adult axons	exploratory		0.800	adult rodent neurons	proposed	N/A
α7nAChR knockout mice show enhanced HFD sensitivity	validation	diet-induced cognitive dysfunc	0.800	Chrna7 knockout mice	proposed	N/A

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year
Astrocytic α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate pain information process [PMID:41453579]	Teng T, Yang S, Li J, Wang H, Wu F, He Y	Neurobiology of disease	2026
Signal-Level Determinants of Cognitive Decline With PPIs versus H2RAs: Transport [PMID:41663888]	Saihati HAA, Ahmed BY, Mosaad RM, El-Gar	Molecular nutrition & food res	2026
Extracellular vesicles from IPFP-MSCs trigger osteoarthritis by transferring mtD [PMID:41480405]	Li S, Yan Z, Zhi X, Zheng W, Zhang Z et	Bioact Mater	2026
Comprehensive multi-omics analysis and experimental validation indicate that VPS [PMID:41531939]	Wan D, Qi Y, Kang Y, Liang F, Wang Q et	RSC Med Chem	2026
Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis of Screen Mitochondrial Autophagy-Related Cor [PMID:41731906]	Gao Z, Wang Y, Ren Y, Lyu J	J Neurochem	2026
VPS35 Deficiency Markedly Reduces the Proliferation of HEK293 Cells. [PMID:41751560]	Lee S, Park S, Bang H, Kim SU, Park YH e	Genes (Basel)	2026
N-acetyl-l-leucine lowers α-synuclein levels and improves synaptic function in P [PMID:41766663]	Song P, Chen C, Franchini R, Duong B, Wa	J Clin Invest	2026
The VPS35 protein and the role of its impairments in mitochondrial dysfunction i [PMID:41841708]	Buneeva OA, Medvedev AE	Biomed Khim	2026
Vps35 p. D620N causes Lrrk2 kinase hyperactivity, chronic microglial activation [PMID:41846978]	Deng IB, Bu M, Follett J, Sharp R, Mamai	bioRxiv	2026
Lack of Cerebrospinal Fluid α-Synuclein Seeding in VPS35 D620N- and LRRK2 Y1699C [PMID:41912440]	Santinelli L, Pratuseviciute N, Lange LM	Mov Disord	2026
Nicotine Suppresses Human Memory Th Cell Subsets With Preferential Effects on Ce [PMID:41928597]	Gholizadeh F, Hajiaghayi M, Rahbari N, C	Eur J Immunol	2026
Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to long-term cognitive reco [PMID:41270982]	Nguyen DT, Mendoza K, Hall C, Tan C, Cha	Experimental neurology	2026
Putative α7-selective ligands interact with α9-containing nicotinic acetylcholin [PMID:41890755]	Mobasher M, Hone AJ, Pilzecker M, Bozic	Frontiers in immunology	2026
Short-term exposure to a high-fat diet leads to neuroinflammation and impairs me [PMID:41565126]	Costa SO, Silva IM, Chaves WF, Esteves A	The Journal of nutritional bio	2026
Acetylcholine enhances HIF-1α signaling in pancreatic cancer cells under hypoxia [PMID:41608625]	Cho Y, Kim HG, Kang JH, Oh ET, Park HJ	International journal of biolo	2026
Central-peripheral neuroimmune dynamics in psychological stress and depression: [PMID:40610703]	Feng X, Jia M, Cai M, Zhu T, Hashimoto K	Molecular psychiatry	2025
The ATP-mediated cytokine release by macrophages is down-modulated by unconventi [PMID:41221292]	Wolf PMK, Hanke D, Singh VK, Keller HL,	Frontiers in immunology	2025
Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α [PMID:38504011]	Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF	Acta Pharmacol Sin	2024
Splenic nerve denervation attenuates depression-like behaviors in Chrna7 knock-o [PMID:38944290]	["Yang Y", "Eguchi A", "Mori C", "Hashim	Journal of affective disorders	2024
Vagus nerve stimulation as a promising neuroprotection for ischemic stroke via α [PMID:38504011]	Xia XM, Duan Y, Wang YP, Han RX, Dong YF	Acta pharmacologica Sinica	2024

Debates (0)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

No debates reference this entity

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning BRAIN in their description or question text

Enhancing Vagal Cholinergic Signaling to Restore Gut-Brain Anti-Inflammatory Com

Score: 0.669 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Enhancing Vagal Cholinergic Signaling to Restore Gut-Brain Anti-Inflammatory Communication start

Physiological SCFAs may reduce alpha-synuclein burden primarily through a gut-fi

Score: 0.650 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-24

Low-micromolar systemic SCFA exposure is unlikely to directly drive substantia nigra alpha-synuclein clearance, but colo

Gut-Brain Axis M-Cell Modulation

Score: 0.629 · unknown disease · 2026-04-04

## Mechanistic Overview Gut-Brain Axis M-Cell Modulation starts from the claim that modulating GP2, SPIB within the dise

NAMPT-Centered NAD+ Restoration to Reverse Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neuron Me

Score: 0.616 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16

## **Molecular Mechanism and Rationale** The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthetic pathway represents a

Basal forebrain NGF/TrkA trophic failure is an upstream trigger that makes choli

Score: 0.610 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-25

Loss of retrograde NGF-TrkA support could destabilize basal-forebrain cholinergic neurons early, lowering cortical acety

Brain Insulin Resistance with Glucose Transporter Dysfunction

Score: 0.596 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Brain Insulin Resistance with Glucose Transporter Dysfunction starts from the claim that modulat

Gut-Brain Axis Microbiome Modulation

Score: 0.585 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-04

# Gut-Brain Axis Microbiome Modulation: Preventing Neurodegeneration Through GPR43/GPR109A Signaling ## Scientific Ba

Brain-Ester Prodrug Strategy for CNS-Selective HDAC6 Inhibition

Score: 0.570 · pharmacology · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Brain-Ester Prodrug Strategy for CNS-Selective HDAC6 Inhibition starts from the claim that modul

GPP Repeat Peptide-Fc Fusion for Enhanced Brain Penetration

Score: 0.550 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22

## Mechanistic Overview GPP Repeat Peptide-Fc Fusion for Enhanced Brain Penetration starts from the claim that modulatin

Blood-Brain Barrier SPM Shuttle System

Score: 0.533 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-02

## Mechanistic Overview Blood-Brain Barrier SPM Shuttle System starts from the claim that modulating TFRC within the dis

GAS6/TAM Axis Activation Stabilizes Blood-Brain Barrier to Reduce Neuroinflammat

Score: 0.513 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-14

## Mechanistic Overview GAS6/TAM Axis Activation Stabilizes Blood-Brain Barrier to Reduce Neuroinflammatory Cell Infiltr

TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Drives Tau-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Bre

Score: 0.499 · neuroscience · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Drives Tau-Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown starts fr

C1q-Alectinib Complexation Disrupts Tight Junction Integrity to Enable Paracellu

Score: 0.455 · molecular biology · 2026-04-20

## Mechanistic Overview C1q-Alectinib Complexation Disrupts Tight Junction Integrity to Enable Paracellular Brain Penetr

Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Enabling Peripheral Inflammatory Insult

Score: 0.430 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Enabling Peripheral Inflammatory Insult starts from the claim tha

C1q-Conjugated miR-33 ASO Brain Delivery for Enhanced APOE4 Lipidation

Score: 0.423 · molecular biology · 2026-04-21

## Mechanistic Overview C1q-Conjugated miR-33 ASO Brain Delivery for Enhanced APOE4 Lipidation starts from the claim tha