| Gene Symbol | HLA |
| Full Name | DRB1 — Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II DR Beta 1 |
| Primary Expression | Ca1, Cortex |
| Pathways | Jak-Stat, Apoptosis, Necroptosis, Epigenetic, Immune Response |
| GeneCards | HLA |
| Human Protein Atlas | HLA |
| Antigen Presentation | HLA-DRB1 presents peptide antigens (typically 13-25 amino acids) to CD4+ T helper cells, initiating adaptive immune responses. |
| Immune Regulation | Different HLA-DRB1 alleles confer susceptibility or resistance to various autoimmune diseases. |
| T Cell Development | Essential for positive and negative selection of CD4+ T cells in the thymus. |
| Tissue Immune Surveillance | MHC class II expression can be induced on glial cells in the brain during inflammation. |
| Microglial Activation | HLA molecules are involved in antigen presentation in the brain, potentially modulating microglial responses to Aβ and tau pathology.<sup>[4]</sup> |
| Autoimmunity | Some HLA-DRB1 variants may predispose to autoimmune responses that cross-react with brain antigens. |
| Chronic Inflammation | Sustained HLA-DRB1-mediated immune responses may contribute to chronic neuroinflammation. |
| Immune Tissues | High expression in spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, peripheral blood leukocytes |
| Brain | Low basal expression; upregulated on microglia and astrocytes in AD and MS brains |
| Associated Diseases | Aging, Als, Alzheimer, Alzheimer's disease, Cardiovascular |
| Interactions | ABCA7, AGER, ALZHEIMER, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE, AND, APOE |
| KG Connections | 291 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
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