Astrocytic Connexin-43 Upregulation Enhances Neuroprotective Mitochondrial Donation

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Mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia

What are the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial transfer between neurons and glia?

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Median TPM across 13 brain regions for GJA1 from GTEx v10.

graph TD
    connexin_43["connexin-43"] -->|regulates| gap_junction_communicatio["gap junction communication"]
    tunneling_nanotubes["tunneling nanotubes"] -->|facilitates| intercellular_organelle_t["intercellular organelle transfer"]
    Miro1["Miro1"] -->|regulates| intercellular_mitochondri["intercellular mitochondrial transfer"]
    Miro1_dysfunction["Miro1 dysfunction"] -->|risk factor for| Parkinson_s_disease["Parkinson's disease"]
    Miro1_degradation["Miro1 degradation"] -->|prevents| damaged_mitochondrial_spr["damaged mitochondrial spread"]
    BNIP3_NIX["BNIP3/NIX"] -->|regulates| mitochondrial_turnover["mitochondrial turnover"]
    BNIP3_NIX_inhibition["BNIP3/NIX inhibition"] -->|modulates| mitochondrial_transfer_ef["mitochondrial transfer efficiency"]
    BNIP3_NIX_inhibition_1["BNIP3/NIX inhibition"] -->|causes| oxidative_stress["oxidative stress"]
    tunneling_nanotubes_2["tunneling nanotubes"] -->|facilitates| mitochondrial_transfer["mitochondrial transfer"]
    F_actin["F-actin"] -->|regulates| tunneling_nanotube_format["tunneling nanotube formation"]
    connexin_43_3["connexin-43"] -->|modulates| astrocyte_to_neuron_mitoc["astrocyte-to-neuron mitochondrial transfer"]
    excessive_connexin_43_exp["excessive connexin-43 expression"] -->|causes| cellular_toxicity["cellular toxicity"]
    style connexin_43 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style gap_junction_communicatio fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style tunneling_nanotubes fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style intercellular_organelle_t fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style Miro1 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style intercellular_mitochondri fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style Miro1_dysfunction fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style Parkinson_s_disease fill:#ef5350,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style Miro1_degradation fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style damaged_mitochondrial_spr fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style BNIP3_NIX fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style mitochondrial_turnover fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style BNIP3_NIX_inhibition fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style mitochondrial_transfer_ef fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style BNIP3_NIX_inhibition_1 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style oxidative_stress fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style tunneling_nanotubes_2 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style mitochondrial_transfer fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style F_actin fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style tunneling_nanotube_format fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style connexin_43_3 fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style astrocyte_to_neuron_mitoc fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style excessive_connexin_43_exp fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000
    style cellular_toxicity fill:#4fc3f7,stroke:#333,color:#000

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