| North African Arab populations | 30-40% of PD cases, representing the highest known frequency. Studies in Tunisia, Morocco, and Algeria show particularly high carrier rates, suggesting a founder effect in this region[5]. |
| Spanish Basque population | 20-30% of PD cases, due to a founder effect traced to a common ancestor approximately 1,000 years ago. |
| European descent | 1-5% of sporadic PD, 5-10% of familial PD. Most common in Southern European populations. |
| East Asian populations | 0.5-2% of PD cases, with lower prevalence than in Caucasian populations. Japanese and Korean studies show distinct haplotype backgrounds. |
| North American populations | 1-3% of PD cases, with representation across ethnic groups. |
| Increased autophosphorylation | LRRK2 undergoes increased autophosphorylation at Ser1292, a marker of kinase activity[9]. |
| Altered substrate recognition | Enhanced activity toward physiological substrates including MyD88, TAK1, and ERK pathway components[10]. |
| 14-3-3 proteins | Bind to phosphorylated LRRK2, regulating its subcellular localization and stability |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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