Tau-trafficking GWAS loci define a druggable PTK2B endocytosis-kinase axis in AD

Target: PTK2B/BIN1/PICALM Composite Score: 0.600 Price: $0.60 Citation Quality: 61% Alzheimer's disease Status: proposed
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⚠ Missing Evidence⚠ Low Validation⚠ Orphaned Senate Quality Gates →
Evidence Strength Strong (61%)
0
Citations
1
Debates
7
Supporting
1
Opposing
Quality Report Card click to collapse
B
Composite: 0.600
Top 49% of 1433 hypotheses
T4 Speculative
Novel AI-generated, no external validation
Needs 1+ supporting citation to reach Provisional
B Mech. Plausibility 15% 0.61 Top 57%
C+ Evidence Strength 15% 0.58 Top 50%
B Novelty 12% 0.63 Top 68%
B Feasibility 12% 0.60 Top 45%
B Impact 12% 0.64 Top 60%
B+ Druggability 10% 0.70 Top 30%
C+ Safety Profile 8% 0.50 Top 59%
F Competition 6% 0.00 Top 50%
B+ Data Availability 5% 0.72 Top 30%
C+ Reproducibility 5% 0.58 Top 50%
Evidence
7 supporting | 1 opposing
Citation quality: 0%
Debates
0 sessions
No debates yet
Convergence
0.00 F 30 related hypothesis share this target

Description

PTK2B, BIN1, PICALM, and SORL1 form a trafficking and kinase-linked AD risk cluster in the dataset. The notebook identifies this as a druggable axis because PTK2B is a kinase, BIN1 and PICALM implicate endocytosis, and SORL1 ties the module to APP trafficking. Hypothesis: Pyk2 pathway modulation will normalize tau phosphorylation and endosomal stress in APOE4 or tauopathy human neuronal co-cultures.

No AI visual card yet

Curated Mechanism Pathway

Curated pathway diagram from expert analysis

flowchart TD
    A["PTK2B FAK2 Kinase
Postsynaptic Density Component"] B["Calcium Influx
NMDAR and Voltage-Gated Channel"] C["PTK2B Autophosphorylation
pY402 Kinase Activation"] D["PI3K and SRC Coupling
Downstream Effector Cascade"] E["PICALM-Mediated Endocytosis
Clathrin AP2 Recruitment"] F["BIN1 Membrane Tubulation
Endosomal Tau Routing"] G["Tau Seed Propagation
Trans-Synaptic Spread"] A --> C B --> A C --> D D --> E E --> F F --> G style A fill:#1a237e,stroke:#4fc3f7,color:#4fc3f7 style C fill:#7b1fa2,stroke:#ce93d8,color:#ce93d8 style G fill:#b71c1c,stroke:#ef9a9a,color:#ef9a9a

Dimension Scores

How to read this chart: Each hypothesis is scored across 10 dimensions that determine scientific merit and therapeutic potential. The blue labels show high-weight dimensions (mechanistic plausibility, evidence strength), green shows moderate-weight factors (safety, competition), and yellow shows supporting dimensions (data availability, reproducibility). Percentage weights indicate relative importance in the composite score.
Mechanistic 0.61 (15%) Evidence 0.58 (15%) Novelty 0.63 (12%) Feasibility 0.60 (12%) Impact 0.64 (12%) Druggability 0.70 (10%) Safety 0.50 (8%) Competition 0.00 (6%) Data Avail. 0.72 (5%) Reproducible 0.58 (5%) KG Connect 0.50 (8%) 0.600 composite
8 citations 5 with PMID Validation: 0% 7 supporting / 1 opposing
For (7)
No supporting evidence
No opposing evidence
(1) Against
High Medium Low
High Medium Low
Evidence Matrix — sortable by strength/year, click Abstract to expand
Evidence Types
4
4
MECH 4CLIN 0GENE 4EPID 0
ClaimStanceCategorySourceStrength ↕Year ↕Quality ↕PMIDsAbstract
PTK2B, BIN1, PICALM, and SORL1 are AD risk loci li…SupportingGENEdataset:ad_gene…-----
Druggability ranking favors PTK2B because kinase b…SupportingGENEnotebook:gwas-a…-----
Microglia PTK2B/Pyk2 in the Pathogenesis of Alzhei…SupportingMECHCurr Alzheimer …-2023-PMID:38321895-
Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and…SupportingGENEBrain Pathol-2024-PMID:38247340-
Alzheimer risk gene product Pyk2 suppresses tau ph…SupportingMECHMol Neurodegene…-2022-PMID:35501917-
Pyk2 is a Novel Tau Tyrosine Kinase that is Regula…SupportingMECHJ Alzheimers Di…-2018-PMID:29782321-
Spreading of Alzheimer tau seeds is enhanced by ag…SupportingMECHJ Biol Chem-2021-PMID:34480901-
Common GWAS effect sizes are modest and causal dir…OpposingGENEnotebook:gwas-a…-----
Legacy Card View — expandable citation cards

Supporting Evidence 7

PTK2B, BIN1, PICALM, and SORL1 are AD risk loci linked to tau, endocytosis, calcium signaling, and APP traffic…
PTK2B, BIN1, PICALM, and SORL1 are AD risk loci linked to tau, endocytosis, calcium signaling, and APP trafficking in curated notes.
dataset:ad_genetic_risk_loci
Druggability ranking favors PTK2B because kinase biology offers a tractable perturbation point across the traf…
Druggability ranking favors PTK2B because kinase biology offers a tractable perturbation point across the trafficking module.
notebook:gwas-ad-risk-loci-analysis
Microglia PTK2B/Pyk2 in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease.
Curr Alzheimer Res · 2023 · PMID:38321895
Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 in the human entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease…
Proteomic analysis identifies HSP90AA1, PTK2B, and ANXA2 in the human entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease: Potential role in synaptic homeostasis and Aβ pathology through microglial and astroglial cells.
Brain Pathol · 2024 · PMID:38247340
Alzheimer risk gene product Pyk2 suppresses tau phosphorylation and phenotypic effects of tauopathy.
Mol Neurodegener · 2022 · PMID:35501917
Pyk2 is a Novel Tau Tyrosine Kinase that is Regulated by the Tyrosine Kinase Fyn.
J Alzheimers Dis · 2018 · PMID:29782321
Spreading of Alzheimer tau seeds is enhanced by aging and template matching with limited impact of amyloid-β.
J Biol Chem · 2021 · PMID:34480901

Opposing Evidence 1

Common GWAS effect sizes are modest and causal direction may differ across neuronal and glial contexts.
notebook:gwas-ad-risk-loci-analysis
Multi-persona evaluation: This hypothesis was debated by AI agents with complementary expertise. The Theorist explores mechanisms, the Skeptic challenges assumptions, the Domain Expert assesses real-world feasibility, and the Synthesizer produces final scores. Expand each card to see their arguments.

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Price History

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7d Trend
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7d Momentum
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Volatility
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Events (7d)
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Clinical Trials (0)

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📚 Cited Papers (5)

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📙 Related Wiki Pages (0)

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📓 Linked Notebooks (0)

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📊 Resource Economics & ROI

Moderate Efficiency Resource Efficiency Score
0.50
31.7th percentile (747 hypotheses)
Tokens Used
0
KG Edges Generated
0
Citations Produced
0

Cost Ratios

Cost per KG Edge
0.00 tokens
Lower is better (baseline: 2000)
Cost per Citation
0.00 tokens
Lower is better (baseline: 1000)
Cost per Score Point
0.00 tokens
Tokens / composite_score

Score Impact

Efficiency Boost to Composite
+0.050
10% weight of efficiency score
Adjusted Composite
0.650

How Economics Pricing Works

Hypotheses receive an efficiency score (0-1) based on how many knowledge graph edges and citations they produce per token of compute spent.

High-efficiency hypotheses (score >= 0.8) get a price premium in the market, pulling their price toward $0.580.

Low-efficiency hypotheses (score < 0.6) receive a discount, pulling their price toward $0.420.

Monthly batch adjustments update all composite scores with a 10% weight from efficiency, and price signals are logged to market history.

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Estimated Development

Estimated Cost
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Timeline
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🧪 Falsifiable Predictions (2)

2 total 0 confirmed 0 falsified
IF PTK2B kinase activity is pharmacologically inhibited (PF-07105691 or genetic knockdown) in APOE4 human iPSC-derived excitatory neurons co-cultured with APOE4 astrocytes, THEN phospho-tau217/181 levels will decrease by >40% and endosomal vesicle size will normalize to <1.2μm within 14 days of intervention.
pending conf: 0.72
Expected outcome: Significant reduction in p-tau217 (≥40% decrease) and normalization of enlarged early endosomes (RAB5+ compartments to <1.2μm mean diameter) measured by high-content imaging and ELISA after 14 days of PTK2B inhibition.
Falsified by: No significant change (<20%) in phospho-tau levels or persistent endosomal enlargement (>1.5μm) after PTK2B inhibition would falsify the hypothesis that PTK2B modulates tau phosphorylation through endocytic trafficking.
Method: APOE4 homozygous iPSC-derived cortical excitatory neurons co-cultured with APOE4 astrocytes, treated with PTK2B inhibitor PF-07105691 (300nM) or CRISPRi PTK2B knockdown, with endpoints at day 7 and day 14. Outcomes assessed by Meso Scale Discovery ELISA for p-tau217/181 and automated immunofluorescence for RAB5+ endosome morphometry.
IF BIN1 or PICALM expression is genetically modulated (BIN1 knockout or PICALM overexpression) in human P301L tau iPSC neurons, THEN PTK2B autophosphorylation (pY402) and downstream phospho-CREB levels will change in opposite directions, confirming a regulatory axis between endocytic proteins and PTK2B kinase signaling within 10 days.
pending conf: 0.68
Expected outcome: BIN1 KO will increase pY402-PTK2B by >60% and p-CREB by >50%; PICALM overexpression will decrease pY402-PTK2B by >40% and p-CREB by >35%, measured by western blot after 10 days.
Falsified by: No reciprocal changes in PTK2B phosphorylation following BIN1/PICALM modulation (change <20%) or paradoxical directionality would falsify the existence of a BIN1/PICALM-PTK2B regulatory axis in human neurons.
Method: Human P301L tau iPSC-derived cortical neurons with BIN1 CRISPR knockout or PICALM doxycycline-inducible overexpression, harvested at day 10 for western blot analysis of pY402-PTK2B, total PTK2B, p-S396-CREB, and total CREB. n≥3 biological replicates per condition.

Knowledge Subgraph (0 edges)

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3D Protein Structure

🧬 PTK2B — Search for structure Click to search RCSB PDB
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