Validation experiment designed to validate causal mechanisms targeting N/A in 5×FAD transgenic mice. Primary outcome: learning and spatial memory deficits
This comprehensive study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Pseudostellaria heterophylla polysaccharide (PH-PS) in 5×FAD transgenic mice, a well-established animal model of Alzheimer's disease. The experiment examined multiple endpoints including cognitive function, neuropathology, neuroinflammation, and gut microbiome changes. Researchers characterized the PH-PS extract (molecular weight 8.771 kDa, composed of 57.78% glucose, 41.52% galactose, and 0.70% arabinose) and administered it to 5×FAD mice. The study employed behavioral testing to assess learning and spatial memory, histological analysis to evaluate amyloid β plaque burden and glial activation, 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze gut microbiome composition, and molecular analyses to examine inflammatory markers and amyloid-degrading enzymes. The research demonstrated that PH-PS treatment improved cognitive deficits, reduced amyloid pathology, modulated microglial and astrocytic polarization from pro-inflammatory (M1/A1) to anti-inflammatory (M2/A2) phenotypes, restored intestinal barrier function, and promoted beneficial gut bacteria while suppressing harmful inflammatory bacteria.
Ameliorated memory deficits, reduced amyloid β build-up, suppressed reactive glia and astrocytes, improved gut microbiota composition
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