| Gene Symbol | HEMEOXYGENASE1 |
| Aliases | HEMEOXYGENASE1 |
| Transmembrane domain (C-terminal) | ER membrane anchoring |
| Heme-binding pocket | Contains catalytic histidine (His25) that coordinates heme iron |
| α-helical structure | Multiple α-helices form the catalytic core |
| N-terminal regulatory region | Contains signal sequences and cleavage sites |
| Location | Enriched in neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques[@smith1994] |
| Iron accumulation | HO-1-mediated iron release may contribute to AD iron overload[@ham2015] |
| Oxidative stress | Chronic induction reflects persistent oxidative stress in AD |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction | HO-1 translocation to mitochondria impairs respiration[@suliman2016] |
| Protective induction | Early HO-1 upregulation may protect against oxidative stress[@schipper1998] |
| Iron release | HO-1 contributes to the characteristic iron accumulation in substantia nigra |
| Lewy bodies | HO-1 colocalizes with α-synuclein in Lewy bodies[@schipper2015] |
| Glial response | Astrocytic and microglial HO-1 induction reflects neuroinflammation |
| Iron source | HO-1 provides free iron for lipid peroxidation |
| Ferroptosis trigger | Excessive HO-1 activity can initiate ferroptosis[@adedoyin2021] |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
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