| Depressive symptoms | Persistent low mood, anhedonia, sleep disturbance, appetite changes |
| Vegetative symptoms | Fatigue, psychomotor retardation, weight loss |
| Cognitive symptoms | Worthlessness, guilt, difficulty concentrating |
| Suicidal ideation | Present in up to 15-20% of patients |
| Prefrontal cortex | Dorsolateral and ventromedial regions |
| Anterior cingulate cortex | Emotional processing and regulation |
| Basal ganglia | Limbic loop involvement |
| Serotonergic pathways | Dorsal raphe nuclei projections |
| SSRIs | First-line for chronic anxiety |
| Psychotherapy | Cognitive-behavioral therapy adapted for cognitive impairment |
| Exercise | Regular physical activity has antidepressant effects |
| Caregiver support | Education and respite to prevent caregiver depression |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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