| Intellectual Disability | Characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior [2] |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) | Social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive behaviors [3] |
| Specific Learning Disorders | Difficulties with reading (dyslexia), writing (dysgraphia), or mathematics (dyscalculia) [5] |
| Motor Disorders | Including developmental coordination disorder and tic disorders [6] |
| Communication Disorders | Language disorders, speech sound disorders, stuttering [7] |
| Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) | Due to prenatal alcohol exposure [8] |
| Down Syndrome | Genetic cause (trisomy 21) |
| Fragile X Syndrome | Genetic cause (FMR1 mutation) |
| Rett Syndrome | Genetic cause (MECP2 mutation) |
| Kabuki Syndrome | Genetic cause (KMT2D, KDM6A mutations) |
| Prenatal | Maternal infections, substance exposure, nutritional deficiencies, toxins |
| Perinatal | Prematurity, birth complications, hypoxia |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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