| Vascular constriction | Some evidence suggests that constricted blood vessels in the inner ear may reduce blood flow, similar to mechanisms proposed in migraine |
| Viral infections | Previous viral infections may damage the endolymphatic sac or inner ear structures |
| Allergies | Allergic reactions may trigger inflammatory responses affecting inner ear fluid balance |
| Autoimmune reactions | Some researchers believe autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to disease development |
| Genetic variations | There appears to be a hereditary component in some families, though most cases appear sporadic |
| Audiometry | To assess the type and severity of hearing loss |
| Electronystagmography (ENG) | To evaluate vestibular function |
| MRI/CT scans | To rule out other causes of symptoms |
| Rotational chair testing | To assess vestibular reflex function |
| Salt restriction | 1,500-2,000 mg daily |
| Caffeine and alcohol reduction | May worsen symptoms in some patients |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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