| Sudden onset | Movements typically begin abruptly without warning |
| Unilateral involvement | Affects arm and leg on the same side (contralateral to the lesion) |
| Motor dysfunction | Significant impairment of voluntary movement due to constant involuntary activity |
| Psychological impact | Anxiety, frustration, and depression due to disabling movements |
| Risk of injury | Patients may harm themselves due to violent movements |
| Huntington's disease | Most common cause of hemiballismus in the context of neurodegeneration |
| Wilson disease | Copper accumulation affecting the basal ganglia |
| Multiple system atrophy | Autonomic and movement disorder syndrome |
| C9orf72 expansion | Associated with ALS/FTD spectrum |
| Non-ketotic hyperglycemia | Increasingly recognized cause, particularly in elderly |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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