| Gene Symbol | MT |
| Full Name | ND1 Gene - Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 |
| Aliases | MTND1 |
| Function | Cytochrome b is a key component of Complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase), which catalyzes the transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. |
| GeneCards | MT |
| Human Protein Atlas | MT |
| Complex I subunit | Forms part of the membrane arm of NADH dehydrogenase |
| Electron transfer | Transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone |
| Proton pumping | Contributes to proton gradient generation |
| Evolutionary origin | Retained from bacterial ancestor of mitochondria |
| Conservation | Highly conserved across eukaryotes |
| Primary mutations | m.3460G>A (ND1) is a common cause of LHON[@dimauro2003] |
| Penetrance | ~40-50% of males and 10-15% of females with mutation develop optic neuropathy |
| Age of onset | Typically 15-35 years |
| Selective vulnerability | Retinal ganglion cells are particularly susceptible |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
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