| Hypertension | The single most important modifiable risk factor 5 |
| Diabetes mellitus | Particularly type 2 diabetes |
| Hyperlipidemia | Elevated LDL cholesterol |
| Smoking | Current and former smokers |
| Atrial fibrillation | Cardioembolic stroke risk |
| Carotid artery disease | Stenosis and plaque |
| Obesity | Especially central adiposity |
| Poor diet | High sodium, low fruit/vegetable intake |
| Age | Primary risk factor 6 |
| Family history | Vascular disease and dementia |
| Genetic factors | Notivelyporo-3 (APOE) ε4 allele, certain CADASIL mutations 8 |
| History of stroke | Particularly recurrent strokes |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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