| Gene Symbol | ent-gene-8cd44c77 |
| NPY | Neuropeptide Y, a 36-amino acid peptide and one of the most abundant neuropeptides in the brain |
| AGRP | Agouti-related peptide, an endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors [5] |
| LEPR | Leptin receptor, enables responsiveness to circulating leptin |
| NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY5R | NPY receptor subtypes expressed on these neurons for autocrine signaling |
| Ghrelin | From the stomach, stimulates NPY/AgRP neuron activity [7] |
| Leptin | From adipose tissue, inhibits NPY/AgRP neurons (leptin resistance leads to overactivation) [8] |
| Insulin | From pancreas, provides negative feedback |
| Glucose | Low glucose activates these neurons |
| Fatty acids | Medium-chain fatty acids can suppress NPY/AgRP activity |
| NPY itself | Autocrine and paracrine modulation |
| Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) | NPY binds to Y1 and Y5 receptors to stimulate feeding [9] |
| Lateral Hypothalamic Area (LHA) | Coordinates feeding with arousal and reward |
| Dorsal raphe nucleus | Modulates serotonergic system |
| Preoptic area | Thermoregulation and sleep-wake cycles |
| Brainstem | Autonomic control of digestion |
| KG Connections | 2 knowledge graph edges |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
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