| Gene Symbol | INTERLEUKIN-1 BETA |
| Aliases | IL-1β |
| Chromosome | 2q14.1 |
| Molecular Weight | 17.5 kDa |
| Signal 1 (Priming) | TLR activation or cytokines induce NF-kappaB-dependent transcription of IL1B gene and pro-IL-1beta |
| Signal 2 (Activation) | DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) or PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to caspase-1 activation and mature IL-1beta release |
| Pro-inflammatory signaling | Activates NF-κB and MAPK pathways 5 |
| Fever induction | Acts on hypothalamus to raise body temperature via prostaglandin E2 synthesis |
| Glial activation | Induces astrocyte and microglial reactivity and proliferation |
| APP processing | Increases BACE1 expression and Aβ production 6 |
| Tau phosphorylation | Promotes GSK-3β and CDK5 activation leading to tau pathology 7 |
| CSF levels | Elevated CSF IL-1β in AD patients compared to healthy controls 9 |
| Disease severity | Correlates with cognitive decline and MMSE scores |
| Brain atrophy | Associated with hippocampal and entorhinal cortical atrophy on MRI 10 |
| Pathology progression | May accelerate amyloid and tau pathology through chronic neuroinflammation |
| Databases | GeneCardsUniProtNCBI GeneHPASTRING |
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