gene

GFAP

Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node

Understanding Entity Pages

This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about GFAP: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.

3224Connections

7Hypotheses

22Analyses

50Outgoing

50Incoming

3Experiments

20Debates

Summary

Page for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene)

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🧬 Gene Info

Gene Symbol	GFAP
Aliases	Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
Chromosome	17q21.31
Protein Family	Type III intermediate filament protein
Protein Type	Biomarker / Structural Protein
Target Class	Structural Protein
Function	Biomarker readout — GFAP levels reflect astrocyte reactivity; modulating upstream pathways (e.g., NF-κB, JAK-STAT) reduces GFAP expression
Mechanism of Action	Biomarker readout — GFAP levels reflect astrocyte reactivity; modulating upstream pathways (e.g., NF-κB, JAK-STAT) reduces GFAP expression
Primary Expression	Cytoplasm (cytoskeletal intermediate filament)
Druggability	Medium (0.52)
Clinical Stage	Phase II
Molecular Weight	50 kDa
Amino Acids	432 aa
Exons	9
Pathways	Amyloid, Er Stress, Inflammasome, Innate Immunity, Mapk
UniProt ID	P14136
GeneCards	GFAP
Human Protein Atlas	GFAP
Associated Diseases	Aging, Alexander disease, ALEXANDER_DISEASE, Alexander's disease, Als
Known Drugs/Compounds	Baohuoside I, BPMC, ceftriaxone, Ceftriaxone, CEFTRIAXONE, DSS
Interactions	ABCA1, ACHE, ACTB, ACTG1, Actin, AD
SciDEX Target	View Target Profile (8 clinical trials)
SciDEX Hypotheses	GFAP-Positive Reactive Astrocyte Subtype Delineati Heterogeneous astrocyte activation states differen Neurovascular Permeability Score (NVPS): Composite (+2 more)
KG Connections	3220 knowledge graph edges
Databases	GeneCards NCBI Gene HPA STRING

🔮 Predicted Structure: GFAP — AlphaFold P14136 Click to expand

AI-predicted structure from AlphaFold | Powered by Mol*

Wiki Pages (12)

Knowledge base pages for this entity

Canonical Page

Pathway Diagram

flowchart TD
    GFAP(["GFAP"])
    ASTROCYTES(["ASTROCYTES"])
    Neurodegeneration["Neurodegeneration"]
    Inflammation["Inflammation"]
    Als["Als"]
    Neuroinflammation["Neuroinflammation"]
    Alzheimer["Alzheimer"]
    Aging["Aging"]
    ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE(["ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE"])
    ALZHEIMER(["ALZHEIMER"])
    AMYLOID(["AMYLOID"])
    NEURODEGENERATION(["NEURODEGENERATION"])

    GFAP -->|"expressed in"| ASTROCYTES
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Neurodegeneration
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Inflammation
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Als
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Neuroinflammation
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Alzheimer
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Neuroinflammation
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Inflammation
    GFAP -->|"activates"| Als
    GFAP -->|"biomarker for"| Aging
    ASTROCYTES -->|"activates"| GFAP
    ALZHEIMER_S_DISEASE -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    ALZHEIMER -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    AMYLOID -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP
    NEURODEGENERATION -->|"biomarker for"| GFAP

    style GFAP fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0

Outgoing (2060)

Target	Relation	Type	Str
Aging	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Als	activates	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	activates	disease	1.00
ASTROCYTES	expressed_in	cell_type	1.00
Inflammation	activates	disease	1.00
Als	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Neurodegeneration	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Neuroinflammation	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Alzheimer	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
Inflammation	biomarker_for	disease	1.00
ds-f2c28aed24a7	provides_data_for	dataset	1.00
NEUROINFLAMMATION	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
neuroinflammation	associated_with	phenotype	0.97
NEUROINFLAMMATION	associated_with	phenotype	0.97
Astrocytes	biomarker_for	cell_type	0.95
reactive astrocytes	biomarker_for	phenotype	0.95
Dementia	biomarker_for	disease	0.95
Inflammation	inhibits	disease	0.95
NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES	associated_with	disease	0.95
Neurodegeneration	activates	disease	0.95
Astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.95
Alexander's Disease	associated_with	disease	0.95
Alexander disease	causes	disease	0.95
Cytoskeleton	component_of	process	0.93
astrocyte marker	associated_with	phenotype	0.93
astrocyte activation	biomarker_for	process	0.92
Astrocytic Structure	associated_with	phenotype	0.92
spinal cord injury	biomarker_for	disease	0.91
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
astrocytes	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
neuroinflammation	activates	disease	0.90
NLRP3	associated_with	gene	0.90
Astroglial Activation	biomarker_for	process	0.90
Astroglial Activation	biomarker_for	process	0.90
cortex	expressed_in	brain_region	0.90
AD pathology	indicates	disease	0.90
astrocytes	associated_with	cell_type	0.90
Mechanical Integrity	involved_in	process	0.90
astrocytes	activates	cell_type	0.90
Notch Signaling	regulates	pathway	0.90
astrocyte	expressed_in	cell_type	0.90
neural stem cells	activates	cell_type	0.90
oxidative stress response	participates_in	pathway	0.90
PLASMA_BIOMARKER	serves_as	biomarker	0.90
A1_ASTROCYTE	marker_of	cell_type	0.90
NEUROINFLAMMATION	activates	gene	0.90
Apoptosis	activates	pathway	0.90
DEMENTIA	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
Apoptosis	inhibits	pathway	0.90
Nf-Κb	activates	pathway	0.90

Incoming (1164)

Source	Relation	Type	Str
TAU	associated_with	protein	1.00
MICROGLIA	associated_with	cell_type	1.00
NEURODEGENERATION	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
APOPTOSIS	associated_with	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	associated_with	gene	1.00
ds-f2c28aed24a7	data_in	dataset	1.00
TAU	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
AMYLOID	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	activates	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	1.00
ALZHEIMER	biomarker_for	gene	1.00
ASTROCYTES	associated_with	gene	1.00
TNF-Α	activates	gene	1.00
TNF	associated_with	gene	0.98
APP	associated_with	gene	0.98
NF-KB	associated_with	protein	0.98
ceftriaxone	interacts_with	drug	0.95
KISS1R	coexpressed_with	gene	0.95
Semaglutide	inhibits	drug	0.95
PARKINSON'S DISEASE	associated_with	gene	0.90
Ceftriaxone	interacts_with	drug	0.90
LPS	activates	drug	0.90
Hearing Loss	upregulates	phenotype	0.90
Vanadium	upregulates	compound	0.90
IL-6	associated_with	gene	0.90
APOE	associated_with	gene	0.90
h_seaad_002	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
h-3bfa414a	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
h-seaad-56fa6428	targets_gene	hypothesis	0.90
BDNF	associated_with	gene	0.90
PHENYTOIN	interacts_with	drug	0.90
phenytoin	interacts_with	drug	0.90
astrocytes	produces	cell_type	0.90
APOPTOSIS	inhibits	gene	0.90
ASTROCYTE	inhibits	cell_type	0.90
NFL	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
TAU PATHOLOGY	biomarker_for	gene	0.90
Baohuoside I	inhibits	drug	0.88
PI3K/AKT/mTOR	upstream_of	pathway	0.85
S1PR1	upregulates	protein	0.85
Bpmc	downregulates	compound	0.85
NFKB1	regulates	gene	0.85
Phenytoin	interacts_with	drug	0.85
NF-κB	upstream_of	pathway	0.82
GINSENOSIDE_RO	downregulates	compound	0.80
UBC	coexpressed_with	protein	0.80
HEARING_LOSS	upregulates	phenotype	0.80
LPS	contributes_to	drug	0.80
DSS	inhibits	drug	0.80

Targeting Hypotheses (7)

Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target

Hypothesis	Score	Disease	Analysis
GFAP-Positive Reactive Astrocyte Subtype Delineation	0.754	Alzheimer's Disease	SEA-AD Gene Expression Profiling — Allen
plasma GFAP separates causal from compensatory states in: Bl	0.738	neurodegeneration	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes
GFAP-Bearing Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Originating	0.640	-	What blood-brain barrier permeability ch
Heterogeneous astrocyte activation states differentially imp	0.640	Alzheimer's disease	SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type V
Neurovascular Permeability Score (NVPS): Composite Plasma +	0.600	-	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes

GFAP Perivascular Redistribution (End-Feet Retraction) as Tr	0.594	-	Blood-brain barrier permeability changes
Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disea	0.362	Alzheimer's disease	Allen Mouse Brain Aging Atlas: cross-age

Mentioning Analyses (22)

Scientific analyses that reference this entity

What blood-brain barrier permeability changes serve as early biomarkers for neur

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-26 | 8 hypotheses Top: 0.710

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-26 | 5 hypotheses Top: 0.712

Neuroinflammation Biomarker Panel for Early AD Detection

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-18 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.105

Proteomics Differential Expression in AD CSF and Brain Tissue

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 0 hypotheses

Multi-modal Biomarker Panel Design for Early AD Detection

neurodegeneration | 2026-04-16 | 0 hypotheses

Experiments (3)

Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity

Experiment	Type	Disease	Score	Feasibility	Model	Status	Est. Cost
iPSC-NPC effects on astrocytes in vitro ICH model	exploratory	intracerebral hemorrhage	0.900	0.00	in vitro ICH cell culture mode	completed	N/A
Cognitive impact of TDP-43 pathology in AD patients	clinical	Alzheimer's disease	0.700	0.00	human patients	completed	N/A
Blood Biomarker vs Tau PET for Treatment Monitoring	clinical	ALS	0.400	0.50	human	proposed	$5,460,000

Related Papers (20)

Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity

Title & PMID	Authors	Journal	Year	Citations
Exosome RNA Unshielding Couples Stromal Activation to Pattern Recognition Recept [PMID:28709002]	Nabet BY, Qiu Y, Shabason JE, Wu TJ, Yoo	Cell	2017	412
Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organizati [PMID:37824655]	Jorstad NL, Close J, Johansen N, Yanny A	Science	2023	186
Independent and interactive contributions of white matter hyperintensities and A [PMID:41906163]	Dario Bachmann; Christoph Gericke; Maha	Alzheimer's research & the	2026	0
Plasma GFAP outperforms CSF GFAP in detecting amyloid pathology and is associate [PMID:41905188]	Cetindag AC, Schipke CG, Esselmann H, Kr	The journal of prevention of A	2026	0
Brain atrophy patterns in anti-IgLON5 disease. [PMID:40650880]	Yogeshwar SM, Bartels F, Grüter T, Muñiz	Brain	2026	0
Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease across diverse biological domains: an umbrell [PMID:40680830]	Kang J, Son Y, Yim Y, Cho H, Kim J et al	J Adv Res	2026	0
Potential diagnostic markers in Alzheimer's disease: current perspectives and fu [PMID:40911035]	Zheng M, Wang S, Jia J	Neurodegener Dis Manag	2026	0
MAO-B status in alcohol use disorder: a [(11)C]SL25.1188 PET imaging study of pu [PMID:41291188]	Best LM, Truong J, McCluskey T, Meyer JH	Mol Psychiatry	2026	0
Kidney Function, Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers, and Dementia Risk in Commun [PMID:41337685]	Gasparini F, Valletta M, Vetrano DL, Ber	Neurology	2026	0
The role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology, biomarkers, and [PMID:41527736]	Abedin MJ, Kastanenka KV	J Alzheimers Dis	2026	0
Association between sleep duration and fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: [PMID:41610733]	Young VM, Zeynoun J, Ruiz Laza A, Salard	Sleep Med Rev	2026	0
Biomarker-integrated prognostic stagings for Alzheimer's Disease. [PMID:41622252]	Shin D, Lee S, Kim JP, Jang H, Yun J et	Nat Commun	2026	0
Injectable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant supramolecular nanofiber hydrogel for [PMID:41624514]	Liu A, Sheng K, Li H, Zhao X, Zhang X et	Mater Today Bio	2026	0
NRF2 deficit prevents pathologic Tau seeding and spreading in an induced tauopat [PMID:41650822]	López-Sampere Y, Mengod Soler P, Roca-Pe	Redox Biol	2026	0
Prognostic Value of Plasma NfL and GFAP for Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease an [PMID:41703957]	Özkurt Ç, Kelicen-Uğur P	Biomarkers	2026	0
Decoding Alzheimer's disease through down syndrome: insights from a genetically [PMID:41709686]	Russell JK, Schlachetzki Z, Rafii MS	Curr Opin Neurol	2026	0
Longitudinal Metabolic Alterations of the Visual Cortex in Diabetic Retinopathy [PMID:41732018]	Shen D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Wang M e	NMR Biomed	2026	0
Blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: potential utility in clinical pra [PMID:41732138]	Zeng X, Nicholson N, Karikari TK	Curr Opin Neurol	2026	0
From scaffold to effector: reframing GFAP in neurodegeneration. [PMID:41775321]	Lu YH, Zhu XP, Li S, Zhang FN, Cai CB et	J Adv Res	2026	0
Translating neurofilament light chain testing into clinical practice: a multidis [PMID:41831326]	Furlan R, Di Sapio A, Ferraro D, Rossi E	Clin Chem Lab Med	2026	0

Debates (20)

Multi-agent debates referencing this entity

What blood-brain barrier permeability changes serve as early biomarkers for neur

active · Rounds: 4 · Score: 1.00 · 2026-04-26

Hypothesis debate: SASP Modulation Rather Than Cell Elimination

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.00 · 2026-04-26

Hypothesis debate: Metabolic Reprogramming to Reverse Senescence

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.00 · 2026-04-26

Hypothesis debate: Metabolic Reprogramming to Reverse Senescence

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.00 · 2026-04-26

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

active · Rounds: 7 · Score: 0.00 · 2026-04-26

Should metabolic reprogramming via SIRT1/NAD+/PGC-1alpha axis be prioritized to

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.81 · 2026-04-23

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

closed · Rounds: 0 · Score: 0.66 · 2026-04-21

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

closed · Rounds: 0 · Score: 0.64 · 2026-04-21

Do these mechanistic hypotheses explain layer-specific synaptic vulnerability in

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.30 · 2026-04-21

Do these mechanistic hypotheses from the SEA-AD Atlas bundle explain layer-speci

closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.30 · 2026-04-21

Related Research

Hypotheses and analyses mentioning GFAP in their description or question text

GFAP Perivascular Redistribution (End-Feet Retraction) as True BBB Dysfunction B

Score: 0.594 · unknown disease · 2026-04-26

Spatial redistribution of GFAP from astrocyte end-feet to soma — not upregulation — is the mechanistically relevant BBB-

Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disease pathology

Score: 0.362 · Alzheimer's disease · 2026-04-23

## Mechanistic Overview Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disease pathology starts from the claim t

GFAP

Understanding Entity Pages

Summary

Wiki Pages (12)

Zombosomes — Anucleated Cell Couriers in Alpha-Synuclein Propagation

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) - Biomarker

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein)

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Gene)

GFAP in Alzheimer's Disease

GFAP Protein

Neuroinflammation Modulation Therapy: GFAP and sTREM2-Targeted Approaches

GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein) - Diagnostic Marker

GFAP (Redirect)

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)

GFAP-Guided Astrocyte Modulation Therapy

Pathway Diagram

Outgoing (2060)

Incoming (1164)

Targeting Hypotheses (7)

Mentioning Analyses (22)

What blood-brain barrier permeability changes serve as early biomarkers for neur

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

Neuroinflammation Biomarker Panel for Early AD Detection

Proteomics Differential Expression in AD CSF and Brain Tissue

Multi-modal Biomarker Panel Design for Early AD Detection

Spatial Transcriptomics Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Brain Regions

Does reduced Prevotellaceae abundance cause PD pathology or result from it?

Do these mechanistic hypotheses from the SEA-AD Atlas bundle explain layer-speci

Do these mechanistic hypotheses explain layer-specific synaptic vulnerability in

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

Neuroinflammation and microglial priming in early Alzheimer's Disease

Senescent cell clearance as neurodegeneration therapy

SEA-AD Single-Cell Analysis: Cell-Type Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease

Gene expression changes in aging mouse brain predicting neurodegenerative vulner

Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)

SEA-AD Gene Expression Profiling — Allen Brain Cell Atlas

Metabolic reprogramming in neurodegenerative disease

Mitochondrial transfer between astrocytes and neurons

Neuroinflammation resolution mechanisms and pro-resolving mediators

Microglia-astrocyte crosstalk amplification loops in neurodegeneration

4R-tau strain-specific spreading patterns in PSP vs CBD

What are the mechanisms by which gut microbiome dysbiosis influences Parkinson's

Experiments (3)

Related Papers (20)

Debates (20)

What blood-brain barrier permeability changes serve as early biomarkers for neur

Hypothesis debate: SASP Modulation Rather Than Cell Elimination

Hypothesis debate: Metabolic Reprogramming to Reverse Senescence

Hypothesis debate: Metabolic Reprogramming to Reverse Senescence

Blood-brain barrier permeability changes as early biomarkers for neurodegenerati

Should metabolic reprogramming via SIRT1/NAD+/PGC-1alpha axis be prioritized to

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

Mechanistic validation of SEA-AD differential expression hypotheses: Complement

Do these mechanistic hypotheses explain layer-specific synaptic vulnerability in

Do these mechanistic hypotheses from the SEA-AD Atlas bundle explain layer-speci

Related Research

GFAP Perivascular Redistribution (End-Feet Retraction) as True BBB Dysfunction B

Age-related neuroinflammation mimics early Alzheimer's disease pathology