MICROGLIA
Entity Detail — Knowledge Graph Node
Understanding Entity Pages
This page aggregates everything SciDEX knows about MICROGLIA: its mechanistic relationships (Knowledge Graph edges), hypotheses targeting it, analyses mentioning it, and supporting scientific papers. The interactive graph below shows its immediate neighbors. All content is AI-synthesized from peer-reviewed literature.
Summary
Resident immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglia survey the brain parenchyma, clear debris, prune synapses, and respond to injury. In neurodegenerative diseases, chronic microglial activation drives neuroinflammation through complement cascade and cytokine release.
AI-generated illustration
Regenerate portrait ↻| Cell Type | MICROGLIA |
| Also Known As | Microglial cells, Brain-resident macrophages |
| Definition | Resident immune cells of the central nervous system derived from yolk sac progenitors |
| Functions | Immune surveillance, Synaptic pruning, Phagocytosis, Cytokine production, Debris clearance |
| Key Markers | IBA1, CD11b, CX3CR1, P2RY12, TMEM119, TREM2 |
| States | Homeostatic, Disease-associated (DAM), Activated, Phagocytic, Senescent |
| Key Pathways | TREM2-DAP12 signaling, TLR4-NF-kB, CSF1R signaling, Complement cascade, cGAS-STING |
| Associated Diseases | Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, ALS, Nasu-Hakola disease |
| Discovery | First described by Pío del Río Hortega in 1919 |
| Linked Hypotheses | 428 hypotheses |
Wiki Pages (1)
Knowledge base pages for this entity
Pathway Diagram
graph TD
subgraph Therapeutic["Therapeutic"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"expressed in"| TREM2["TREM2"]
TREM2_3["TREM2"] -->|"expressed in"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
end
subgraph Pathology["Pathology"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| NEUROINFLAMMATION["NEUROINFLAMMATION"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| NEURON["NEURON"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| TNF["TNF"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| SNCA["SNCA"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| TAU["TAU"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| TREM2_1["TREM2"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"associated with"| NEURODEGENERATION["NEURODEGENERATION"]
AMYLOID["AMYLOID"] -->|"associated with"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
APOE["APOE"] -->|"associated with"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
end
subgraph Signaling["Signaling"]
MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"] -->|"activates"| TREM2_2["TREM2"]
INFLAMMATION["INFLAMMATION"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
C1Q["C1Q"] -->|"activates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
TREM2_4["TREM2"] -->|"regulates"| MICROGLIA["MICROGLIA"]
end
style MICROGLIA fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:3px,color:#e0e0e0,font-weight:bold
style TREM2 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style NEUROINFLAMMATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style NEURON fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TNF fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style SNCA fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TAU fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TREM2_1 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TREM2_2 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style NEURODEGENERATION fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style INFLAMMATION fill:#5d4400,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TREM2_3 fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style C1Q fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style TREM2_4 fill:#006494,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style AMYLOID fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0
style APOE fill:#4a1a6b,stroke:#4fc3f7,stroke-width:1px,color:#e0e0e0Outgoing (4663)
| Target | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | causes | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Immune Response | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Mitophagy | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Tauopathy | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | causes | disease | 1.00 |
| Stroke | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Aging | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Alzheimer | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| TAU | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Als | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Inflammation | inhibits | disease | 1.00 |
| Complement | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Neuroinflammation | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| Toll-Like Receptor | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Neurodegeneration | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| PARKINSON'S DISEASE | associated_with | disease | 1.00 |
| MACROPHAGE | associated_with | cell_type | 1.00 |
| Obesity | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Complement | regulates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Nf-Κb | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| NEURON | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| Als | interacts_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Blood-Brain Barrier | therapeutic_target | pathway | 1.00 |
| Alzheimer | interacts_with | disease | 1.00 |
| Alzheimer | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| ds-f2c28aed24a7 | data_in | dataset | 1.00 |
| Alzheimer | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| Ischemia | regulates | disease | 1.00 |
| Als | expressed_in | disease | 1.00 |
| SNCA | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| Parkinson | activates | disease | 1.00 |
| Oxidative Stress | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Inflammasome | activates | pathway | 1.00 |
| Dementia | therapeutic_target | disease | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NLRP3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| TNF | activates | gene | 1.00 |
Incoming (5801)
| Source | Relation | Type | Str |
|---|---|---|---|
| APP | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| STROKE | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AGING | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALS | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| PARKINSON'S DISEASE | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| MICROGLIA ACTIVATION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AKT | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE | targets | gene | 1.00 |
| MITOCHONDRIA | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| CYTOKINES | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| COMPLEMENT | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| APP/PS1 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AUTOPHAGY | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| GENES | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| INFLAMMATION | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | therapeutic_target | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| STAT3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | causes | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AMYLOID | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| PI3K | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| GENES | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NLRP3 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE | causes | gene | 1.00 |
| ASTROCYTES | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| ent-gene-28e2cb01 | expressed_in | gene | 1.00 |
| PHAGOCYTOSIS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AMYLOID | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| TLR4 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| TREM2 | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| STROKE | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURODEGENERATION | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| ASTROCYTES | inhibits | gene | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NF-ΚB | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEURON | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| OXIDATIVE STRESS | activates | gene | 1.00 |
| ALZHEIMER | regulates | gene | 1.00 |
| NEUROINFLAMMATION | causes | gene | 1.00 |
| ASTROCYTES | associated_with | gene | 1.00 |
Targeting Hypotheses (30)
Hypotheses where this entity is a therapeutic target
Mentioning Analyses (5)
Scientific analyses that reference this entity
How does SPI1 transcriptionally regulate C1QA and C1QC expression in atheroscler
neuroinflammation | 2026-04-08 | 0 hypotheses
Which cell types show the most significant expression changes for neurodegenerat
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.682
Cell type vulnerability in Alzheimers Disease (SEA-AD transcriptomic data)
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-03 | 18 hypotheses Top: 0.847
Synaptic pruning by microglia in neurodegeneration
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-02 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.720
Protein aggregation cross-seeding across neurodegenerative diseases
neurodegeneration | 2026-04-01 | 7 hypotheses Top: 0.639
Experiments (2)
Experimental studies targeting or related to this entity
| Experiment | Type | Disease | Score | Feasibility | Model | Status | Est. Cost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAHA@LIPO-ANG2 therapeutic efficacy in 5xFAD mice | validation | Alzheimer's disease | 0.900 | 0.00 | 5xFAD transgenic mice | proposed | N/A |
| Transcriptomic profiling and differential expression analysis | exploratory | Alzheimer's disease | 0.900 | 0.00 | 1-month-old APP/PS1 mice cereb | proposed | N/A |
Related Papers (20)
Scientific publications cited in analyses involving this entity
| Title & PMID | Authors | Journal | Year | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcriptomic cytoarchitecture reveals principles of human neocortex organizati [PMID:37824655] | Jorstad NL, Close J, Johansen N, Yanny A | Science | 2023 | 186 |
| Human and mouse single-nucleus transcriptomics reveal TREM2-dependent and TREM2- [PMID:31932797] | Zhou Y, Song WM, Andhey PS, Swain A, Lev | Nat Med | 2020 | 1 |
| FAK/SRC-JNK axis promotes ferroptosis via upregulating ACSL4 expression. [PMID:41862445] | Qin J, Ma S, Wang J, Huang S, Luan J, He | Cell death & disease | 2026 | 0 |
| Quercetin attenuates ox-LDL-induced endothelial injury by regulating ferroptosis [PMID:41902795] | Gao C, Liu B, Zhang R, Tian J, Xin H | Toxicology mechanisms and meth | 2026 | 0 |
| NEDD8 promotes the ferritinophagy and ferroptosis of neurons in ischemic stroke [PMID:41662890] | Rao W, Huang Y, Li J, Chen Q, Sun J et a | J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis | 2026 | 0 |
| Inhibition of Ferroptosis in Prostatitis Model by Low Intensity Extracorporeal S [PMID:41714892] | Lin D, Li K, Kuang W, Chen Z, Zhang M | World J Mens Health | 2026 | 0 |
| Deciphering sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via ferroptotic mec [PMID:41763496] | Che L, Zhu L, Zhou L, Zhou Y | Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cance | 2026 | 0 |
| B4GALT1 deficiency attenuates steatohepatitis by regulating the PPARγ/ACSL4 axis [PMID:41860570] | Chien Y, Xia R, Zhou D, Ai Y, Wu L et al | Hepatol Commun | 2026 | 0 |
| Unraveling the impact of risk factors on the ferroptosis-Alzheimer's disease lin [PMID:41498558] | Singh P, Rath SL | Journal of Alzheimer's disease | 2026 | 0 |
| Resveratrol Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Targeting NCOA4-Media [PMID:41873334] | Song C, Wu X, Chen C, Shen B, He Y, Liu | Drug design, development and t | 2026 | 0 |
| Pan-PPAR agonist bezafibrate alleviates psoriasis by suppressing LCN2-dependent [PMID:41662914] | ["Xin R", "Zhang J", "Zhang Y", "Dai M", | Free radical biology & medicin | 2026 | 0 |
| Acteoside alleviates sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating the Nrf2 pat [PMID:41895086] | Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Wang W, | Tissue & cell | 2026 | 0 |
| Ferroptosis and microglial polarization in retinal vein occlusion: pathological [PMID:41924362] | Xu J, Sun M, Wang C, Ju P, Guan XD, Xie | International journal of ophth | 2026 | 0 |
| Dynamics and Impact of Repopulating Microglia Following Oligodendroglial Damage. [PMID:41645884] | Di Pietro AA, Thomas L, Pasquini LA | J Neurochem | 2026 | 0 |
| Temporal modulation of microglial repopulation attenuates retinal degeneration i [PMID:41690604] | Zhang W, Bian B, Ren C | Neurobiol Dis | 2026 | 0 |
| The impact of CSF1R inhibitor-mediated microglial depletion in rodent models of [PMID:41822299] | Ferreira AFF, Santos-Silva AC, Muratori | Front Aging Neurosci | 2026 | 0 |
| Enhancing TREM2 expression activates microglia and modestly mitigates tau pathol [PMID:40122810] | ["Chen Kai", "Li Fuyao", "Zhang Shuwen", | Journal of neuroinflammation | 2025 | 0 |
| Melatonin Alleviates Erastin-Induced Cell Death by Inhibiting Ferroptosis and Am [PMID:40442550] | Wongjaikam S, Siengdee P, Somnus A, Govi | Neurotoxicity research | 2025 | 0 |
| Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4-A novel prognostic marker in cuta [PMID:41918944] | Paria S, Lapides R, Saravi B, Rajagopal | Frontiers in medicine | 2025 | 0 |
| Microglial exosome TREM2 ameliorates ferroptosis and neuroinflammation in alzhei [PMID:40640358] | Zhu L, Zhou T, Wu L, Zhu X, Chen L, Zhan | Scientific reports | 2025 | 0 |
Debates (5)
Multi-agent debates referencing this entity
What is the role of microglial synaptic pruning in Alzheimer's disease and other
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.68 · 2026-04-22
The authors identify SPI1 as a potential transcription factor regulating the hub
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.93 · 2026-04-09
The debate mentioned gene expression profiling but did not specify which neural
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.93 · 2026-04-03
What cell types are most vulnerable in Alzheimers Disease based on SEA-AD transc
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.90 · 2026-04-03
What are the mechanisms underlying protein aggregation cross-seeding across neur
closed · Rounds: 4 · Score: 0.95 · 2026-04-01
Related Research
Hypotheses and analyses mentioning MICROGLIA in their description or question text
CSF1R Inhibition-Mediated Microglial Replacement as a State Transition Reset
Score: 0.901 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview CSF1R Inhibition-Mediated Microglial Replacement as a State Transition Reset starts from the cla
SIRT1-Mediated Reversal of TREM2-Dependent Microglial Senescence
Score: 0.893 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-12
## Mechanistic Overview SIRT1-Mediated Reversal of TREM2-Dependent Microglial Senescence starts from the claim that modu
TREM2-Mediated Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration
Score: 0.892 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-07
## Mechanistic Overview TREM2-Mediated Astrocyte-Microglia Crosstalk in Neurodegeneration starts from the claim that mod
Optimized Temporal Window for Metabolic Boosting Therapy Determines Success of M
Score: 0.887 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview Optimized Temporal Window for Metabolic Boosting Therapy Determines Success of Microglial State
ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Microglia
Score: 0.847 · Alzheimer's Disease · 2026-04-02
## Mechanistic Overview ACSL4-Driven Ferroptotic Priming in Disease-Associated Microglia starts from the claim that modu
miR-155/Interferon-gamma Feedback Loop as a Reversible Molecular Switch for Prot
Score: 0.843 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview miR-155/Interferon-gamma Feedback Loop as a Reversible Molecular Switch for Protective Microglia
Microglial Senescence Prevention via TREM2/SASP Axis
Score: 0.837 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-17
## Mechanistic Overview Microglial Senescence Prevention via TREM2/SASP Axis starts from the claim that modulating not y
Microglial AIM2 Inflammasome as the Primary Driver of TDP-43 Proteinopathy Neuro
Score: 0.824 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-05
## Mechanistic Overview Microglial AIM2 Inflammasome as the Primary Driver of TDP-43 Proteinopathy Neuroinflammation in
TREM2-Deficient Microglia as Drivers of Amyloid Plaque Toxicity in Alzheimer's D
Score: 0.817 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-26
TREM2 loss-of-function variants impair microglial survival, clustering around amyloid plaques, and phagocytic clearance,
TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Disrupts Perivascular Tau Clearance
Score: 0.812 · neuroscience · 2026-04-12
## Mechanistic Overview TREM2-Mediated Microglial Dysfunction Disrupts Perivascular Tau Clearance starts from the claim
CSF1R-TREM2 Co-Agonism for Sustained Microglial Expansion
Score: 0.808 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-16
## Mechanistic Overview CSF1R-TREM2 Co-Agonism for Sustained Microglial Expansion starts from the claim that modulating
IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface
Score: 0.806 · neuroinflammation · 2026-04-13
## Mechanistic Overview IL-6 Trans-Signaling Blockade at the Oligodendrocyte-Microglia Interface starts from the claim t
Prime Editing Precision Correction of APOE4 to APOE3 in Microglia
Score: 0.803 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-04
## Mechanistic Overview Prime Editing Precision Correction of APOE4 to APOE3 in Microglia starts from the claim that mod
40 Hz Gamma Entrainment Gates ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptotic Priming to Selectively
Score: 0.801 · Alzheimer's Disease · 2026-04-05
## Mechanistic Overview 40 Hz Gamma Entrainment Gates ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptotic Priming to Selectively Eliminate Diseas
TREM2 Deficiency Drives Microglial Senescence via Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation
Score: 0.800 · neurodegeneration · 2026-04-22
## Mechanistic Overview TREM2 Deficiency Drives Microglial Senescence via Lipid Metabolism Dysregulation starts from the