| Post-infectious CSVD | Certain infections (varicella-zoster virus, HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis) can cause small vessel vasculopathy through direct vessel wall invasion or immune-mediated damage. |
| Moya disease | Progressive stenosis of intracranial arteries with compensatory small vessel proliferation. |
| Sickle cell disease | Chronic hemolytic anemia and vaso-occlusion cause progressive small vessel injury and white matter damage. |
| Susac syndrome | Autoimmune endotheliopathy affecting small vessels of the brain, retina, and inner ear. |
| Deep/infratentorial CMBs | Located in basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem, or cerebellum; associated with hypertensive arteriopathy and increased risk of deep intracerebral hemorrhage. |
| Strictly lobar CMBs | Located in cortical-subcortical regions; suggest cerebral-amyloid-angiopathy (CAA) and are associated with lobar hemorrhage risk and alzheimers. |
| Mixed pattern | Both deep and lobar CMBs; may reflect combined hypertensive and amyloid pathology. |
| Cortical atrophy | Widespread cortical thinning, particularly in frontal and parietal regions, correlates with executive dysfunction and processing speed decline. |
| Databases | OMIMOrphanetClinicalTrialsPubMed |
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