Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) related genes have been elucidated by advanced genetic techniques. Familial autosomal dominant AD genes founded by linkage analyses are <i>APP</i>, <i>PSEN1</i>, <i>PSEN2</i>, <i>ABCA7</i>, and <i>SORL1</i>. Genome-wide association studies have found risk genes such as <i>ABCA7</i>, <i>BIN1</i>, <i>CASS4</i>, <i>CD33</i>, <i>CD2AP</i>, <i>CELF1</i>, <i>CLU</i>, <i>CR1</i>, <i>DSG2</i>, <i>EPHA1</i>, <i>FERMT2</i>, <i>HLA-DRB5-HLA-DRB1</i>, <i>INPP5D</i>, <i>MEF2C</i>, <i>MS4A6A/MS4A4E</i>, <i>NME8</i>, <i>PICALM</i>, <i>PTK2B</i>, <i>SLC24A4</i>, <i>SORL1</i>, and <i>ZCWPW1</i>. <i>ABCA7</i>, <i>SORL1</i>, <i>TREM2</i>, and <i>APOE</i> are proved to have high odds ratio (>2) in risk of AD using next generation sequencing studies. Thanks to the promising genetic techniques such as CRISPR-CAS9 and single-cell RNA sequencing opened a new era in genetics. CRISPR-CAS9 can directly link genetic knowledge to future treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing are providing useful information on cell biology and pathogenesis of diverse diseases.