HSF1 reprioritizes transcription and suppresses MAPT while restoring proteostasis

Hypothesis 1: Integrated stress response transcription factors ATF4 and DDIT3/CHOP suppress MAPT indirectly by reprogramming neuronal transcription toward proteostasis and amino-acid stress genes, possibly through promoter competition or recruitment of repressive chromatin regulators. Test: ATF4/CHOP occupancy, CRISPRi, and MAPT nascent transcript measurements during proteotoxic stress.

Hypothesis 2: HSF1 is the primary mediator; during proteostatic stress it diverts the transcriptional apparatus toward heat-shock targets and may actively recruit co-repressors at the MAPT locus to reduce tau

Hypothesis 1 is attractive because ISR factors often dominate proteotoxic transcription, but indirect repression is hard to assign cleanly. If ATF4 or CHOP perturbation changes MAPT only modestly while global stress signaling remains intact, they may be passengers rather than mediators.

Hypothesis 2 suffers from a similar ambiguity: HSF1 activation often coincides with broad transcriptional redistribution, so reduced MAPT could be a generic consequence of limited transcriptional bandwidth rather than targeted suppression. Direct occupancy and causal rescue are mandatory.

Hypothesis 3 is biol

The most informative design is a layered perturbation experiment in human neurons exposed to proteasome or ER stress: paired nascent-RNA profiling, ChIP/CUT&RUN for candidate factors, and CRISPR perturbations of ATF4, DDIT3, HSF1, and REST. The goal is to distinguish direct promoter/enhancer occupancy from indirect network-level repression.

ATF4/DDIT3 ranked highest because they are central stress integrators and offer a plausible route to a reversible tau-lowering response. HSF1 remains compelling because it links proteostasis rescue to transcriptional reprioritization, but a targeted repres

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